Immune system 1 - MT2 - Part 3

Question 1

What type of cells are lymphocytes?

Answer 1

Adaptive cells

Question 2

Where are lymphocytes derived from?

Answer 2

Stem cells in the bone marrow

Question 3

Where do B lymphocytes (B cells) mature?

Answer 3

In the bone marrow

Question 4

What type of cell are B cells?

Answer 4

White blood cells

Question 5

What is the function of B cells?

Answer 5

They function in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system by secreting antibodies

Question 6

Where to T lymphocytes (T cells) mature?

Answer 6

In the thymus

Question 7

What type of cell are T cells?

Answer 7

White blood cells

Question 8

What role do T cells play?

Answer 8

They play a central role in cell medicated immunity

Question 9

What do B cells have on their surface and what do they serve as?

Answer 9

Antibodies, that serve as antigen receptors

Question 10

What does the binding of an antibody tell the cell?

Answer 10

That there is a foreign molecule out there with the specificity to bind to that antibody

Question 11

How are B cells activated? (2)

Answer 11

1. Antigen binding

2. Interaction with a helper T cell

Question 12

How are B cells educated?

Answer 12

As they mature

- they learn as they go

Question 13

What happens if B cells are not activated?

Answer 13

They circulate around and do nothing until they are activated

Question 14

How long do plasma cells last?

Answer 14

Not very long

- days or weeks

Question 15

Plasma cell

Answer 15

Is a fully differentiated B cell that produces a single type of antibody

Question 16

How long do memory cells last?

Answer 16

Forever

Question 17

Memory cell

Answer 17

Is a long lived lymphocyte capable to responding to a particular antigen on its reintroduction, long after the exposure that prompted its production

Question 18

What do antibodies do?

Answer 18

They coat viruses and bacteria which prevents their attachment to epithelia and allows them to be recognized for degradation
- needs to have some sort of recognition of the viruses (it needs to be invited in)

Question 19

CD4

Answer 19

Is a glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells

Question 20

What are 3 examples of CD4?

Answer 20

1. T helper cells
2. Monocytes
3. Macrophages

Question 21

What do helper T cells do?

Answer 21

Provides links for communication

- links are between macrophages, humoral immunity and innate immunity

Question 22

Macrophages

Answer 22

They are antigen presenting cells (APCs) that are molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) presents the antigen to the cell

Question 23

What are critical cells for the immune system?

Answer 23

Macrophages

- communicates innate and adaptive system

Question 24

What can an activated helper T cell do?

Answer 24

Can activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells

Question 25

Cytotoxic T cells

Answer 25

Is a type of WBC that kills cancer cells that are infected, or cells that are damaged in other ways

Question 26

Humoral immunity

Answer 26

Is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macromolecules found in extracellular fluids such as antibodies

Question 27

Innate immunity

Answer 27

Immunity that is naturally present and is not due to prior sensitization to an antigen form - for example an infection or vaccination

Question 28

What are cytotoxic T cells activated by? (2)

Answer 28

1. Helper T cells | 2. Infected cells

Question 29

What do cytotoxic T cells do?

Answer 29

They poke holes in the plasma membrane of the target cell and the contents then leak out of the cell

Question 30

Perferin

Answer 30

Can form larger channels in the membrane of the cell, but these channels are not gated

Question 31

What do granzymes do?

Answer 31

Chew up material

Question 32

How do viruses reproduce?

Answer 32

By introducing genetic information in the cell and having that be expressed