Immune System Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Immune System Deck (37)
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1
Q

3 Types of Pathogens

A

Bacteria, Viruses, and Parasites

2
Q

Immune System

A

recognizes foreign bodies and responds with production of immune cells and proteins

3
Q

All animals have ___ immunity

A

All animals have innate immunity

4
Q

Vertebrates have ____ and ____immunity

A

Vertebrates have innate immunity and adaptive immunity.

5
Q

Innate Immunity

A

Nonspecific, present at birth, external and internal cells, 1st and 2nd line of defense

6
Q

Adaptive Immunity

A

specific, adaptive, 3rd line of defense

7
Q

1st line of defense(Barrier defense)

A

Skin/Membranes/Secretions such as sweat, saliva, mucous

8
Q

Phagocytic Cells

A

provide non-specific defense, consume pathogens via phagocytosis.

9
Q

Neutrophilic Cells

A

highly abundant white blood cell, short lived and highly motile/ self destructing

10
Q

Macrophages

A

“Big eaters” long lived

11
Q

Inflammation

A

Non specific response to infection or injury

12
Q

Inflammation Process

A

mast cells release histamines which dilate blood vessels to a more porous state for white blood cells to move

13
Q

Cytokines

A

General signaling molecules

14
Q

Name of 3rd Line of Defense

A

Adaptive Immunity

15
Q

Leukocyte

A

smaller non phagocytic cells

16
Q

Lymphocyte

A

leukocytes in the 3rd line of defense used for specific defense.

17
Q

Humoral Response

A

B cells create antibodies for defense against infection in the humoral (body) fluid.

18
Q

Cell Mediated Response

A

Cytotoxic cells defend against infection in body cells

19
Q

Antigen

A

substances that elicit a response from B and T cells

20
Q

Epitope

A

The accessible part of an antigen for antigen receptors to bind to.

21
Q

Antibodies

A

mark pathogens for destruction

22
Q

MHC Major Histocompatibility Complexes

A

display antigen fragments on the surface of cells so that T cells can recognize cells that need to be destroyed

23
Q

MHC Class 1

A

Show off antigen fragments to cytotoxic T cells.

24
Q

Perforin

A

little molecules released from cytotoxic T cells that form pores in an infected cell which will fragment and die.

25
Q

MHC Class 2

A

Show off antigen fragments to Helper T Cells

26
Q

Helper T Cells

A

when activated, will either signal humoral B cells to come bring antibodies, or cell mediated T cell destruction response.

27
Q

Activated B Cells proliferate into _____ and _____ via _____

A

Activated B cells proliferate into memory B cells and antibody secreting plasma cells via CLONAL SELECTION.

28
Q

Immunological Memory

A

Memory B cells retain specific antigens for a previous battle, causing a faster and more efficient response the second time around.

29
Q

Antibodies can do 3 things to a pathogen:

A

Neutralization, Opsonization, Activation of complement systems

30
Q

Antibodies–> Pathogen: Neutralization

A

Antibodies surround the pathogen’s activation sites so that they cannot infect any other cells.

31
Q

Antibodies–> Pathogen: Opsonization

A

Antibodies create a target for phagocytosis

32
Q

Antibodies–> Pathogen: Activation of Complement Structure

A

Antibodies create a protein complex with the pathogen that causes pores in cell and causes lysis.

33
Q

Allergies: General definition

A

Exaggerated responses to antigens by excess release of histamines from a mast cell that has had antibodies attach to it.

34
Q

Autoimmune Diseases (3 examples)

A

Body loses tolerance for itself. (Graves Disease, Arthritis, Insulin dependent diabetes, multiple sclerosis)

35
Q

Graves Disease

A

B cells produce antibodies that bind to the receptors on the thyroid gland… causes excessive release of thyroid hormone.

36
Q

Insulin Dependent Diabetes

A

autoimmune destruction of B cells by T cells

37
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

T cells attack myelin