Flashcards in Immunisation/Infection Prevention and Control Deck (19)
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Passive immunity
E.g. mother to unborn child. Maternal antibodies can be protective for up to 1 r against illnesses to which the mother is immune.
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Active Immunity
Long lasting immunity produced by the immune system in response to antigens (either from natural infection or vaccination) 'immunological memory'
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Live vaccines- active immunity
MMR, BCG, Yellow fever, varicella
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Inactivated organisms- active immunity
Pertusisis, typhoid, IPV (inactivated polio vaccine)
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Components of organisms-active immunity
Influenza, pneumococcal
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Inactivated toxins
Diptheria, tetanus
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Advantages of active immunity
Long-lasting, strong, local and systemic immunity
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Disadvantages of active immunity
Potential to revert to virulence
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Passive immunity
Vertical transmission from mother-foetus and breastfeeding
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Give some examples of passive immunity
HNIG (human normal immunoglobulin) Botulism, hep B, rabies
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Advantages of passive immunity
Stable-unable to cause infection
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Disadvantages of passive immunity
Need several doses, local reactions common, adjuvant needed to increase the body's immune responses, shorter lasting imunity
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Describe the cycle of infection
Pathogenic organism>reservoir>exit>trasmission>entry>susceptible host
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Decontamination
Umbrella term for sterilization.disenfection,antisepsis Removing organisms/cntaminants e.g. environmental hydrogen peroxide decontamination
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Asepsis
the absense of bacteria, viruses or other microorganisms e.g. MRSA decolonisation. Antibiotic prophylaxis
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Sterilization
Complete killing or removal of all types of microorganisms e.g. heat, chemical or radiation
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Disinfection
Removal or destruction of sufficient numbers of potentially harmful microorganisms
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Antisepsis
Disenfection applied to damaged skin or living tissues
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