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Immunizations Flashcards

1
Q

what must you give before any vaccine?

A

the most up-to-date Vaccine Information Statement

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2
Q

what is active immunity

A

when a person builds their own immune response because they survived an infection or received a vaccination

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3
Q

what is passive immunity

A

when a person is immune because they transferred someone else’s immune system as in giving antibodies from a mother to child

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4
Q

how long after you give a live vaccine should you wait to give any antibodies?

A

at least 2 weeks

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5
Q

how long do you wait between giving a antibody product and MMR or varicella vaccines? (except zoster)

A

at least 3 months or up to 11 months (see the PINK book)

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6
Q

why are live vaccines started 12 months after birth?

A

cuz baby has circulated vaccines

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7
Q

which vaccine can be started at birth?

A

hep b

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8
Q

when to start inactivated vaccines?

A

2 months

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9
Q

can you give more than one vaccine at a time ?

A

YES as many as possible at one time. no contraindications in the US

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10
Q

in the case where you have multiple doses that need to be given for a vaccine at certain intervals, what happens if you delay the interval a little

A

you are just delaying more protection, but you can vaccinate them after the recommended interval.

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11
Q

can you decrease the time interval of multi dose vaccines?

A

no usually not. For high risk exposure, you may do so but usually decreasing interval doesn’t allow enough time for immune system to respond

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12
Q

can you give live vaccines on the same day sat the PPD test?

A

yes inf efact its recommended on the same day because you avoid false negatives

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13
Q

what if a person already got a live vaccine and you want to give them the PPD test?

A

you have to wait 4 weeks in order to avoid false negatives of the PPD test

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14
Q

what if a person already got the PPD but not the live vaccine yet?

A

wait 48-72 hours after until the person gets the results and then given them the live vaccine

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15
Q

what are the most common local SE of vaccines?

A

pain
swelling
redness at site injection

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16
Q

what are systemic adverse reactions to vaccines?

A 
fever
malaise
myalgias
headache
loss of appetite
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17
Q

what is the incidence of an anaphylactic reaction to a vaccine?

A

1 in 500,000

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18
Q

what are anaphylactic reactions usually mediated by?

A

IgE

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19
Q

what to administer in case of a anaphylactic reaction

A

epinphrine 1:1000 IM 0.01mg/kg/dose max 0.5mg/dose

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20
Q

who should your report an adverse reaction for vaccines?

A

FDA

Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)

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21
Q

which are contraindications to vaccination with live vaccines?

A

pregnancy and immunosupression

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22
Q

define immunosuppression

A

20mg daily prednisone daily for at least 14 days

or 2mg/kg x 14 days or longer

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23
Q

when are live vaccines contraindicated for HIV patients?

A

only if CD4 < 200

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24
Q

when can a pregnant women receive a live vaccine?

A

never, even 1 month before pregnancy

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25
when can a pregnant women receive an inactivated vaccine?
whenever
26
what about HPV vaccine and pregnancy?
defer
27
what about the flu vaccine and pregnacy
yes as long as its not the live vaccine
28
when should a pregnant woman get her TdAP?
> 2 weeks of gestation and has not had her Tdap booster (Q 10 years)
29
what if you are allergic to eggs, which vaccines can you not get?
influenza yellow fervor if anaphylactic allergy to eggs
30
what if a person can eat lightly cooked eggs or only gets hives from eating egg containing foods?
can give them the Inactivated form and watch the patient for 30 minutes
31
is allergy to eggs contraindication to MMR vaccine
no, no logner
32
Which vaccines can you not get if you are allergic to gelatin or neomycin?
varicella (zostavax & varivax) | MMR
33
what vaccines can you not give if streptomycin , polymyxin B or neomycin allergies?
inactivated polio vaccine
34
who should receive the DTaP vaccine?
< 7 yo
35
Havrix
HepA vaccine
36
Vaqta
HepA vaccine
37
two brands of HepA vaccine
Havrix/ Vaqta
38
engerix-B
hepatitis b vaccine
39
Recombivax HB
hep B vaccine
40
Twinrix
Hep A/B vaccien
41
who gets the Hep A vaccien
> 1 yo - MSM - IVDU - Chronic disease - travelers
42
who get the hep B vaccine?
HC workers - MSM - multiple partners - IVDU - ESRD/ chronic liver disease
43
dosing schedule for hep b?
0, 1 , 6 months
44
accelerated twinrix dosing schedule?
days 0, 7, 21, 30 and booster at month 12
45
for HepA dose given?
1ml if >18yo , if less, see package
46
for hepB dose given
1ml if > 20yo , if <20, see package
47
who is indicated for HPV vaccine?
females 9-26 years old, recommend 11-12yo before sexual activity -males 9-26
48
dosing schedule for HPV vaccine
0, 1-2 months, 6 months
49
which is the only HPV vaccine for males?
HPV 4: gardasil
50
which HPV vaccine for females?
HPV2: Cervarix
51
afluria
TIV
52
Flumist
LAIV
53
agriflu
TIV
54
fluarix
TIV
55
flulaval
tiv
56
fluvirin
TIV
57
fluzone
TIV
58
whats the diff between normal flu vaccine and flu zone (high dose)
in 2010 licencse for >= 65 yo but ctaonains 60mcg of each strain instead of 15mcg like the others
59
what is the diff between normal flu and flu zone intradermal vaccine?
uses a small needle to reduce pain but causes more redness, swelling, itching. Preg B
60
who should receive a flu vaccine?
everyone > 6months old
61
who can get the nasal spray?
2-49 yearls old , healthy, not pregnant, w/o high risk medical conditions
62
what are the age limits of AFLURIA?
>9 yo patent only due to report of febrile illness in young children
63
if < 3 yo , which is the only vaccine you can give?
Fluzone
64
when is flu season?
60% of peaks occur in february or later
65
for MMR who is considered generally already immune to it?
people born < 1957
66
storage of MMRV
freezer
67
proquad
MMRV
68
M-M-RII
MMR
69
menomune
MPS4 meningiococcal
70
menactra
MCV 4 meningiococcal
71
menveo
MCV4 meningiococcal
72
indications for meningiococal vaccine
``` 1 dose age 11-12 and booster at 16-18 1 dose if 13-18 yo 2-55 yo if: -college freshman in dormitories -asplenia -military -traveler -immunodeficiency -lab workders w/ n. meningidits exposure ```
73
age restriction menomune?
> 56 yo pts
74
menactra age?
9months to 55yo
75
menveo age?
2-55 years old
76
menomune IM or Sc
SC
77
mcv 4 IM OR Sc
IM
78
pneumococcal conjugate
PREVNAR 13
79
pneumococcal polysaccharide
Pneumovax 23
80
age limit prevnar
> 6 weeks
81
age limit pneumovax
> 2 years old
82
prevnar 13 indications
children younger than 2 50 + adults 19 + if immunocompromised
83
pneumovax inidcations
65+ 19-64 if smoke or asthma 2-64 w/ chronic disease
84
vivotif special storage
MUST REFRIGERATE CAPSULES
85
vivotif berna
Typhoid
86
for what age group DTaP?
6 weeks to 6 years old
87
for what age group the Tdap?
patients 7-10 who didn't ge tteh full dose of the Dtap series (give a single dose) 11-64: one dose of Tdap then Q 10 years a dose of Td >65: vaccinate if in proximity w/ <12month olds, otherwise optional
88
pregnancy and TDAP
> 20 weeks gestation get the shot if booster is need
89
in patients who have never gotten the vaccine, what should you do?
start w/ the TDAP as first dose then the boosters as necessary
90
when children get varicella vaccine?
12 months and 4 years
91
varivax
varicella vaccine
92
zostavax
zoster vaccine
93
adults that get varivax?
2 doses 4 weeks apart
94
IM or SC varivax/zostavax?
SC
95
storage of varivax/zostavx
frozen at -15 degrees: the vaccine | store diluent in the fridge
96
where do you inject the varivax/zostavax?
SC tissue behind triceps
97
how much time after reconstituting varivax/zostavax should you inject it?
30 min otherwise discard

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