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Immunizations Flashcards

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1
Q

What did the national childhood vaccination injury act

A

enacted to address concerns with vaccine supply, safety and liability; legal actions against vaccine manufacturers for injury

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2
Q

When must informed consent be obtain in vaccine administration

A

every vaccine needs informed consent

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3
Q

What is active immunity

A

protection against specific antigens ganied as a result of our own immune response, slow response

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4
Q

What is passive immunity

A

Fast response, temporary immunity, preformed antibodies are transferred to the individual, does not involve host’s own immune response

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5
Q

What is a live attenuated vaccine

A

Weakened form of microorganism, does not cause disease or significant illness unless the immune system is compromised

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6
Q

What is an inactivated vaccine

A

Killed infectious agent or toxin with adequate retained properties to provoke immune response; Safer in patients with a compromised immune system; shorter-term immunity & require booster vaccinations

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7
Q

What are the Live vaccines

A

MMR, Flumist, Varicella, Rotavirus, oral polio

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8
Q

What are inactive vaccines

A

Hep A/B, influenza, injectable polio, DTaP, Hib, PCV, HPV, MCV, Tdap

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9
Q

When are live vaccines contraindicated

A

pregnancy and immunocomprismised

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10
Q

When are all vaccines contraindicated

A

severe reaction to any component or severe neurologic complications

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11
Q

What are precautions to vaccine administration

A

illness at time of shot, high fever after previous dose, seizure after previous dose, recent blood products

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12
Q

What is the IM injection site for vaccines in newborns

A

Anterolateral thigh muscle

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13
Q

What is the IM injection site for vaccines in infants

A

Anterolateral thigh muscle

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14
Q

What is the IM injection site for vaccines in toddlers

A

Anterolateral thigh muscle or deltoid

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15
Q

What is the IM injection site for vaccines in children/adolescents

A

Anterolateral thigh muscle or deltoid

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16
Q

What is the IM injection site for vaccines in adults

A

Deltoids

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17
Q

What is the typical needle gauge used for vaccines

A

22-25

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18
Q

What is the SC injection site for vaccines in infants

A

fatty tissue over anterolateral thigh

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19
Q

What is the SC injection site for children, adolescents or adults

A

fatty tissue over anterolateral thigh or tricep

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20
Q

What is the needle length for an SC injection of vaccine

A

8-May

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21
Q

What is the typical needle gauge for SC immunizations

A

23-25

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22
Q

What are the two vaccines typically given SC

A

MMR and Varicella

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23
Q

What documentation is involved in vaccines

A

Name of Vaccine, Dose given, Lot #, expriation date, location of injection

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24
Q

How many doses are involved in the Hep B vaccine

A

3

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25
What are the side effects of Hep B vaccine
soreness at injection site, low-grade fever, rare: allergic reaction
26
What age is the first live vaccine given
12 mos
27
What are the contraindications of Hep B vaccine
serious reaction to previous dose, hypersensitivity to yeast
28
What do you give a newborn if the mother is HbsAg negative
Hep B vaccine within 12 hours of birth - standard practice
29
What do you give a newborn if the mother is HbsAg postive
Hep B vaccine and HBIG within 12 hours of birth
30
How soon should you give a HBIG if maternal HbsAg status is unknown at birth but later becomes positive
1 week
31
What is the full name of Hib
Haemophilis influenza B
32
What was the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in pediatrics before vaccines
Hib
33
What are other common infections associated with Hib
Pneumonia, pericarditis, otitis, epiglottis, osteomyelitis, arthritis, cellulitis
34
How many doses are involved in the Hib vaccine
3-4 (depends on formulation)
35
What are the 2 types of the neumococcal vaccine
PCV-13 or PPSV-23
36
When do you give the PPSV-23 vaccine
Chronic medical conditions; need PCV series 1st
37
Which type of pneumococcal vaccine is routine
PCV-13
38
How many doses are involved in the pneumococcal vaccine
4 doses
39
What are the side effects of pneumococcal vaccine
soreness, erythema at site, fever
40
When should you postpone a pneumococcal vaccine
severe illness at time of vaccine
41
Which polio vaccine is recommended for all doses of polio vaccine
inactivated polio
42
How many doses are involved in the polio vaccine
4 doses
43
What are contraindications of polio
allergic reaction to previous IPV, streptomycin, polymyxin B, or Neomycin
44
What illnesses are protected with the Tdap or DTaP
diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis
45
Which diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine is given
DTaP
46
Which diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine is given 11-18 yo
Tdap
47
What is the booster vaccine for patients > 7 po
Td (no pertussis)
48
How many doses are involved in the DTaP
5
49
What are the side effects of DTaP
Local soreness or erythema, fever, swelling of extremity, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, seizure, persistent crying; Very rare: continued seizure disorder, permanent brain damage
50
What medicine do you prophylax the DTaP with
Acetometaphen
51
What is the contradiction to Td
Guillian-Barre
52
How many doses are involved in MMR
2
53
What are the contraindications to MMR vaccine
allergy to gelatin, neomycin
54
what are the side effects of MMR
mild rash, low grade fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, joint stiffness, febrile seizures, encephalitis
55
How many doses are involved in varicella
2
56
What are the side effects of varicella
Soreness & erythema around injection site, fever, mild
57
What are the contraindications of varicella
pregnancy, immunosuppression, recent blood products, reactions to gelatin or neomycin
58
How many doses are recommended for 1st time flu vaccine in
2 separated by 4 weeks
59
What is the contraindication to the flu vaccine
eggs
60
When can you give the flu shot
> 6 mos
61
When can you give the flu nasal spray
>2 yo
62
What are the contraindications to flu nasal spray
asthma, predisposing medical conditions
63
How many doses are involved in HPV
3
64
What age is HPV recommended in both genders
11 and 12; up 26 in women
65
What are the side effects of the flu nasal spray
rhinitis, congestion, fever, HA, fever, malaise, myalgia
66
What are the side effects of the flu shot
fever, malaise, myalgia

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