Immunology Lecture 12.

Question 1

What is the primary local immune response?

Answer 1

IgA

Question 2

What is the primary serum antibody response?

Answer 2

IgG

Question 3

How are microorganisms destroyed?

Answer 3

phagocytic cell

Question 4

What type of cell is killed by a cytotoxic t cell?

Answer 4

infected host cells

Question 5

What are the 6 types of innate immunity?

Answer 5

skin, pH barrier, flushing (ciliary action/flushing urinary tract), lysozyme (tears, nasal secretions, saliva), phagocytes, complement (lead to opsonization/lysis)

Question 6

What is the primary adaptive immune response to bacteria?

Answer 6

antibody

Question 7

How does strep. pneumonia evade immune response?

Answer 7

presence of antiphagocytic capsule

Question 8

How does staph. aureus evade immune response?

Answer 8

has protein A which binds and blocks the opsonizing actin of IgG

Question 9

How does salmonella typhus evade immunes response?

Answer 9

has ability to survive acid environment of the stomach

Question 10

How does antibody protect the host?

Answer 10

prevents attachment to epithelium (IgA); triggers complement, binds to capsules acting as opsonin, neutralize toxins

Question 11

How do we kill facultative intracellular parasites?

Answer 11

antibody won’t work - need activated macrophages (T-helper 1 response) = nonspecific response

Question 12

What organisms can only be killed by the activated macrophage?

Answer 12

listeria monocytogenes (listeriosis), mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB), mycobacterium lepra (leprosy)

Question 13

Why will the TH2 response not help with facultative intracellular parasites?

Answer 13

TH2 will help the organism get inside the cells where it will flourish

Question 14

How is a macrophage activated?

Answer 14

by TH1 cell: CD40/CD40L and IFN-gamma

Question 15

What is the TH1 response? What is released by TH1 cells?

Answer 15

cell mediated immunity: IL-2, IFN-y, TNF-a

Question 16

What is the TH2 response? What is released by TH2 cells?

Answer 16

antibody production: IL4, IL5, IL-10, TGF-B

Question 17

What is released by CD8 cells?

Answer 17

perforin, granzymes, granulysin

Question 18

What does IL-2 do?

Answer 18

induces T-cell proliferation

Question 19

What does TNF-a do?

Answer 19

activates endothelium to induce macrophage adhesion and exit blood vessel

Question 20

What do CD40 and IFN-y do?

Answer 20

activate macrophage to destroy engulfed bacteria

Question 21

What is the most importnat for clearance of parasites?

Answer 21

T cell response (activation of macrophages, CD8 cells), also eosinophils

Question 22

What mechanisms do parasites use to escape the immune response?

Answer 22

inaccessibility (hide in host cell); avoidance of recognition (vary antigen expression, pick up host antigen); immunosuppression

Question 23

How is antibody used in antiviral immunity?

Answer 23

neutralize the virus - binds to a portion of virus required for adsorption, penetration, uncoating, or replication

Question 24

Which Ig is most important in antiviral immunity?

Answer 24

IgA - esp in respiratory, GI, genitourinary (local response)

Question 25

What is the issue with antibody vaccines?

Answer 25

antibody prevents viral infection but once a virus infects a cell, antibody can’t kill the virus - need cell mediated cytotoxicity ONLY PREVENT

Question 26

IL-2

Answer 26

drives proliferation and differentiation of virus specific T cells (comes from both CD8 and CD4)