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Flashcards in Immunology - Pre Midterm Deck (18)
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1
Q

4 Classes of Pathogens The Immune System Protects Us Against?

A

Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Parasites (protozoa + worms)

2
Q

What are the Two Branches of The Immune System

A
Innate = first line of defence
Adaptive = comes into play when innate defences are breached
3
Q

Compare Recognition Mechanism of Innate + Adaptive Immunity

A

Innate = fast (within hours), fixed, limited number of specificities, constant during response

Adaptive = slow (within days), variable, numerous highly selective specificities, improve during the response.

4
Q

What do Phagocytes do?

A

Reduce the invaders genes from active polymers to inactive monomers - both innate or adaptive can elicit phagocytic cells
Adhesion, Ingestion, Digestion

5
Q

Adaptive Immune Response: Specificity

A

Specific for distinct Antigens

6
Q

Adaptive Immune Response: Antigenic Determinant/Epitope

A

The portion of the antigen that is recognized

7
Q

Adaptive Immune Response: Diversity

A

Can recognize 10*16 distinct antigens –> using antibodies/T cell receptors

8
Q

Adaptive Immune Response: Memory

A

Exposure to Ag increases is ability to respond to the same or closely related Ag again.

Second Response =
faster, larger, qualitatively different.

9
Q

Adaptive Immune Response: Self Limited

A

These responses are transient and tightly regulated + controlled

10
Q

Adaptive Immune Response: Self/Non-Self Discrimination

A

ability to tell self from non-self

11
Q

Tolerance

A

Immunological unresponsiveness to self is termed

12
Q

What are the 4 Postulates of the Clonal Selection Hypothesis?

A
  1. Each lymphocyte bears a single type of receptor with a unique specificity.
  2. Binding of a foreagn molecule to the receptor site of a lymphocyte, if affinity is high enough, leads to activation of lymphocyte.
  3. The differentiated effector cells derived from the activated lymphocyte will have receptors identical to those of the parent cell from which that lymphocyte was derived.
  4. Lymphocytes bearing receptors for self molecules are deleted at an early stage in lymphoid cell development and are absent from the repertoire of mature lymphocytes.
13
Q

Humoral Immune Response

A

Mediated by antibodies (Ab)

Produced by bone marrow derived or B lymphocytes

14
Q

Cell Mediated Immune Rsponse

A

Mediated by thymus-derived or T lymph

15
Q

Pluripotent Stem Cells

A

Myeloid progenitor
monocytes (macrophages, dendritic cells)
granulocytes (PMN’s)
mast cells

Common lymphoid progenitor
B Lymphocytes
T Lymphocytes
NK cells

16
Q

What type of WBC is most abundant + what type of immune response is it important for?

A

Neutrophils - 45-75%; innate immunity: one of 2 phagocytic cells in the body

17
Q

What WBC is very important to Adaptive Immunity?

A

Lymphocytes

18
Q

Define: Macrophage, what role do they play?

A

Myeloid Progenitor
Macrophage is the mature form of a monocyte. INNATE IMMUNITY
The monocyte migrates out of the blood and into the tissue where is becomes the resident immune molecule.
A Mcrophage in brain, lung and liver will look slightly different bc they receive slightly different signals from the tissue itself.
Second type of Phagocytic Cell in the body.
They also activate T cells and an adaptive immune response if they cannot control the pathogen.

Liver – Kupfer cells (macrophages)
Kidney – Mesengial macrophages
Lung – Alveolar Macrophages
Brain – Microglia.