in class notes Flashcards
1
Q
what does the flat bone of the cranial vault come from
A
from periosteal activitiy at the inner, outer, and fontanellies
2
Q
what does modeling of the cranial vault lead to
A
Changes in size and shape
3
Q
how does the cranial base growth
A
endochondral-synchrosis pushes bones apart to lengthen the base of the skull
4
Q
what causes the maxilla to grow down and widden
A
Soft tissue (functional theory)
5
Q
where is bone added and removed to cause maxillary growth
A
Resorbed in the front and added in the back
6
Q
how does the mandible form
A
Extramembranous in association with meckel’s cartilage
7
Q
how does the mandible grow
A
resportion in front of ramus and deposited behind the remus
8
Q
in the body, where do things grow first
A
Things closest to brain grow first
9
Q
What separates girls and boys growth spurts
A
2 years
10
Q
why do guys grow more in their growth spurt
A
their’s is longer
11
Q
how does tooth eruption affect the bone
A
Brings the alveolar bone with it
12
Q
what is the affect of having implants too early
A
Late gowth can affect how implants change with time
13
Q
where should normal people be found within the growth curve
A
within 2 standard deviations
shouldn’t move all around too
14
Q
at what age do you have all your baby teeth
A
30 months
15
Q
what happens if you can’t resorb baby teeth
A
may need to have them extracted
16
Q
what is done to close space in the mandible naturally
A
the molars will move forward, but won’t affect anything really mesial to the canine due to the long roots
17
Q
does unilateral cross bites tend to hang around
A
No, generally fixed to become a posterior cross bite
18
Q
how can we use the leeway space to reduce incisor crowding
A
Hold the 1st molars back and since the premolars are smaller than the teeth they replace, extra room can be opened for erupting anterior teeth
19
Q
what is the E space
A
The space difference between the primary second molar and the permanant first molar
20
Q
how large is the E space
A
1/3 the leeway space
21
Q
are primary or permant teeth whiter
A
Primary
22
Q
what extra width does each slipped contact add
A
1mm (unless very slipped)
23
Q
mild crowding is how many mm
A
1-2.99mm
24
Q
medium crowding
A
3-5.99mm
25
severe crowding size
6mm
26
what causes the irregularity increase between childhood and youthq
Jaw growth (NOT 3rd molars)
27
what allows a decrease in crowding as your permant teeth come in
incisors erupt labially
canines erupt distal
development/primate spaces
28
are babies class I, class II, or class III
class II
29
when does late dentiton begin
when you get premolars
30
what is a mesial step
when max 1st molar is behind the mandibular first molar
31
what is a flush plane
max 1st molar nad mandibular first molar are equal
32
what is a distal step
when the max 1st molar is infront of the mandibular first
33
what does a mesial step turn into
class I and Class III
34
what does a flush plane turn into
Class I and Class II
35
what does a distal step turn into
Class II
36
what happens to early mild class II relationships
tuend to decrease as you get older due to late mandibular growth
37
what happens to early mild class III relationships
tends to increase as you get older due to mandibular growth
38
what classification do asians tend to have
class III
39
what classification do whites tend to have
Class II
40
what calssification do blacks tend to have
Class III and open bite
41
how does deep bite change with age
decreases with growth
42
what is the order of jaw growth
transverse stops first
AP stops second
Verticle stops last
43
what kind of malocclustion does late mandibular growth lead to
Cross bite
44
what is tooth gemination
when two crowns come from one root
45
what is the eqalibrium theory of location
soft tissue+ tongue balance each othe out
46
how does mouth breathing affect oral development
no tongue on top of teeth so palate shrinks
47
how long must pressure be applied to teeth to cause a change
6 hours
48
what is bimaxillary protrustion
when both jaws protrude forward
49
what kind of molar classification must exist to be a deep over bite
can never be class III
50
what does it mean when ANB is negative
Class III
51
what does it mean when ANB is possitive
class II
52
what does it mean to increase incisal angle
proclined
53
what does it mean to decrease incisal angle
Reclined
54
how do proclined incisors affect the soft tissue
gingival recession
| Protruding lips
55
how do reclined incisors affect the soft tissue
retruded lips
56
how does crowding affect incisor angle
Proclined teeth
57
what is the E line
Tip of the nose to the tip of the chin
58
how sould the lips relate to the E line
upper is 4mm behind
| lower is 2mm behind
59
size of the lower premolars and cnaines
7mm each
60
size of the maxillary canines
8mm each
61
how wide of maxillary incisors
8-9 for centrals
| 6-7 for laterals
62
width of mandibular incisors
5-6mm
63
how much space can exist between lips for it not to be a problem
4mm without strain
64
when should you do surgery for ortho
Done first
65
what is class II devision 1 mean
Increased overjet
66
class II devision 2
increase over bite
67
why can't you move implants
no pdl
68
where do osteoclasts come from
bone marrow (not the PDL)
69
what is the clinically fastest way to move a tooth
Tipping
70
how can someone get translational movement
use of an arch wise
71
what are the causes of root resorption
```
dilaceration
Root contract with lingual cortical bone
Geneetics
Conical root
previous root resorption
Trauma
```
72
what should you do to check for root resorption
Take a Pan after 9 months of treatment
73
what kind of anchor is a TAD
Absolute anchor
74
maximum anchorate
Posterior stays put and pulls anterior backwards
75
what is minimum achorate
anterior stays put and pulls posterior forward
76
what is assisted tooth movement
Removal of cortical bone to accelerate tooth movement
77
how do NASAIDS affect tooth movement
Slow it down, cuz inflammation is needed
78
can you change mandibular growth
No, can only accelearte it at the condyl
79
what is the most unstable form of ortho movement
Palatal expander
80
what does Rapid palatal expanders do to the teeth
leads to a diastima that should close after time
81
what does head gear do
Restrains the maxilla from down and forward movement by pulling on teeth
82
what is the ideal force on teeth
50-200 g
83
what is the ideal force on headgear
250-500 g
84
what is the expansion rate for Rapid palatal expanders
2-4 tuns a day (.25 mm per turn)
85
what is the expansion rate for slow palatal expanders
1 turn every two days (.25mm per turn)
86
when should you do palatal expansion
before 15 years old
87
what are the phases of distraction osteogenesis
latency
Distraction
consilidation
Remodeling
88
what is SARPE
surgically assisted rapid palatal expanders (done on adults to cut open surutre)
89
what deterines the center of resistance
surrounding tissue
90
what is deformability
Ability of wire to be bent perminantly
91
what is the deformability of large vs small wire
smaller is easier to bend
| smaller has a larger range
92
what kind of wire is used in the finishing satage of rotho
heavy wire to maintain treatment outcome with lots of bends to make it more flexible
93
what is a 3rd order bend
buccal torque/rotation (inclination)
94
what is a 1st order bend
Buccal tranlation(push teeth in and out)
95
what is a second order bend
angulation/vertical (M-D tipping)
96
what kind of curve measures the extrinisic
Force-deflection
97
what kind of curve measures the intrinsic
Stress strain
98
is a circle or a rectangle more stiff
rectangle is more stiff
99
what is the proptional limit
the limit to wear an increase in force leads to the same amount of deflection
100
where is the yield limit
the point at which .1% deflection is no longer proportional to the aount of force in the bend
- does not return to its original size
101
what is springback
The ability to return to its original shape
102
what is range
The amount a wire can be bent without permanent deformation
103
what is strength
stiffness x range
104
how does increasing size change stregth, sprininess, and range
decrease strength
decrease springiness
decrease range
105
how does increasing length change stregnth, springiness, and range
decrease strength
increase springiness
increase range
106
HOW DO YOU cange the center of reisistance
change via root resorption (moves coronally)
| changes via bone loss (moves apically)
107
how do you change the center of rotation
by application of forces
108
what is a moment
The tendency to rotate
109
what is the equation for a moment
Grams x mm distance perpandicular to the line of action through the center of resistance
110
pros of removable ortho
Clean
| asthetics
111
cons of removable ortho
Loses
patient compliance
tipping only good force
112
how can removable ortho induce tipping
holly appliacnce
113
why usea functional appliance
Change growth
114
how can we try nd stimulate mandibular growth
Herbs appliance
115
how can we try and stop mandibular growth
headgear
116
what are some removable fucntional apliances
fimback
headgear
activators
117
what are some fixed functional appliances
herbs
forsus
Mara
118
why use an anterior bite block
to fix a deep bite
119
why use a posterior bite block
causes extrusion of anterior teeth
120
pros of fixed appliances
more relaible
| more foces
121
cons of fixed appliances
dirty
122
what did angle invent for ortho
found that is wire is situated facial lingually you can get more contol
123
what is the roll of a begg's appliace
Used to upright roots after tipping
124
what did andrew contribute to ortho
adjusted brackets (don't bend arch wire)
125
what are the expansion appliances
Hyrax
W-arch
Frankol (tissue born appliance to do expansion)
Quad helix
126
why use a power chain
pull all the teeth together
127
why use a lip bumper
Pull the lower teeth forward
128
why use a transpalatal arch
uses a wire across the arch to stop side effects and stop tipping during expansion
129
why use a lower lingual holding arch
space maintainers
130
why use a tongue crib
tells tongue to go back into the mouth
