in class wk 4

Question 1

the generic name of a drug refers to its _____________________ name

Answer 1

nonproprietary

Question 2

the federal agency that approves the use of a specific drug is the _________

Answer 2

FDA

Question 3

when drug receptors are maximally activated it is referred to as the __________________

Answer 3

peak effect

Question 4

drugs are excreted from the body primarily via the _____________

Answer 4

kidneys

Question 5

the body’s metabolism of drugs is called ________________

Answer 5

biotransformation

Question 6

drug administration, absorption, distribution, and clearance are collectively called _________________

Answer 6

pharmacokinetics

Question 7

the term _______________ means that bacteria no longer can multiply

Answer 7

bacteriostatic

Question 8

drugs that are effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but not all of them, are _________________ activity drugs

Answer 8

medium spectrum

Question 9

the findings of the antibacterial properties of Penicillium notatum were first published by _______________

Answer 9

fleming

Question 10

an ideal antimicrobial drug will kill harmful microbes without significant damage to the host. this principle is referred to as ________________

Answer 10

selective toxicity

Question 11

another term for the effectiveness of a drug is _________________

Answer 11

efficacy

Question 12

when two antibiotics are given together to increase the therapeutic effect, the phenomenon is _____________

Answer 12

synergism

Question 13

resistance to only one type of drug may allow resistance to a similar drug; this process is called _______________

Answer 13

cross-resistance

Question 14

the range of pathogen type that a given drug is effective against is referred to as the drug’s _______________

Answer 14

spectrum of activity

Question 15

the assessment of a drug to determine its benefits versus the risks is called the ___________________

Answer 15

therapeutic index

Question 16

prontosil, a dye, was first used as an ___________ by Domagk

Answer 16

antibiotic

Question 17

a disease that is generally present in a given population is ____________

Answer 17

endemic

Question 18

a relationship which one organism benefits and the other is harmed is called _____________

Answer 18

parasitism

Question 19

the degree or extent of disease-evoking power that a microorganism has is referred to as ______________

Answer 19

virulence

Question 20

healthcare-associated infections are also known as _____________ infections

Answer 20

nosocomial

Question 21

the number of new cases of disease counted over a certain period of time compared with the general healthy population is _______________

Answer 21

incidence

Question 22

an organism that does not normally cause disease in a healthy individual, but that can cause disease when there is an imbalance in the normal flora or when the host becomes immunocompromised is called a(n) _____________________ pathogen

Answer 22

opportunistic

Question 23

animals, usually arthropods, that carry pathogens from one host to another are called ______________

Answer 23

vectors

Question 24

the study of the cause of disease is called _______________

Answer 24

etiology

Question 25

infections that may results from medical procedures such as the use of catheters, invasive diagnostic procedures, and surgery are referred to as _______________ infections

Answer 25

iatrogenic