In The Vineyard

Question 1

What does the skin of the grape contribute to winemaking?

Answer 1

Color, tannins, flavor

Question 2

What does the pulp of the grape contribute to winemaking?

Answer 2

Sugar, acid level, water and flavors

Question 3

What does the stem and seeds of the grape contribute to winemaking?

Answer 3

Tannins

Question 4

Which kind of grape has higher levels of color and tannins in the skin?

Answer 4

Black grapes

Question 5

What does a vine require to grow?

Answer 5

Warmth
Sunlight
Water
Nutrients
CO2

Question 6

What are the different stages of grape fermentation?

Answer 6

Flowering
Fruit Set
Veraison
Ripening

Question 7

What is “extra” ripening”

Answer 7

The process of leaving grapes on the vine past the point when they might normally be harvested so the sugars and acids are concentrated in the grapes - often used to make sweet wine

Question 8

What is botrytis/noble rot?

Answer 8

A fungus that can grown on grapes making tiny holes in the skin causing water to evaporate.
This has the effect of concentrating acids, sugars and flavors in grapes which are then used to make sweet wine

Question 9

Why would a winemaker allow grapes to remain on the vine in the winter and freeze?

Answer 9

To freeze the water in the grapes, concentrating acids, sugars and flavors.
wine made from frozen grapes on the vine is called Icewine/Eiswein

Question 10

What is the temperature range of cool grape growing climates?

Answer 10

62F or below (16.5C)

Question 11

What is the temperature range of moderate grape growing climates?

Answer 11

62F - 65F (16.5-18.5C)

Question 12

What is the temperature range of warm grape growing climates?

Answer 12

65F - 70F (18.5-21C)

Question 13

What changes occur in grapes when they ripen?

Answer 13

Grapes swell with water
Acidity drops
Sugar increases
Flavors develop

Question 14

How do the flavors of white grapes change as they ripen?

Answer 14

Flavors develop from green (unripe?) fruit to stone and/or tropical fruit

Question 15

How to the flavors of black grapes change as the ripen?

Answer 15

Flavors develop from fresh to cooked fruit

Question 16

What latitudes are most wine-growing regions located between?

Answer 16

30-50 degrees north or south of the equator

Question 17

How does altitude influence growing conditions?

Answer 17

Temperature drops with altitude

Question 18

How does proximity to seas influence growing conditions?

Answer 18

Ocean currents can cool warm regions or warm cool regions

Question 19

How does proximity to rivers influence growing conditions?

Answer 19

Rivers reflect sunlight, helping grapes to ripen

They can also retain warmth in cooler seasons providing warmth to vineyards

Question 20

How do clouds, fog and mist affect growing conditions?

Answer 20

Clouds, fog and mist can protect vineyards from sunlight and moderate warmer climates

Question 21

How does proximity to mountains affect growing conditions?

Answer 21

Mountains can protect growing regions from clouds, rain and cold winds

Question 22

How does slope and aspect affect growing conditions?

Answer 22

In moderate and cool climates vineyards sloped TOWARDS the equator receive more heat and light

Question 23

How does soil affect growing conditions?

Answer 23

Soil needs to store enough water and nutrients to provide for the vine.
Stony soils can also absorb heat and warm a vineyard

Question 24

What weather extremes can cause problems for grape growers?

Answer 24

Drought
Temperature
Sunlight
Frost
Hail
Rain

Question 25

What are training and pruning?

Answer 25

Training ensures vines grown on trellises retain their shape while pruning ensures vines retain their shape. both are necessary to produce a viable crop

Question 26

What is irrigation?

Answer 26

In regions that lack sufficient rainfall vines need to be provided with water

Question 27

Why might vines need to be sprayed?

Answer 27

To protect them from fungal diseases and small insects

Question 28

What is yield?

Answer 28

The measure of the number of grapes produced per unit of area

Question 29

What choice might a grape grower need to make about harvest?

Answer 29

How long to let grapes ripen as this affects the style of wine

Question 30

What do GI's indicate outside the EU?

Answer 30

Indicate where the grapes used to make wine were grown

Question 31

What do GI's indicate inside the EU?

Answer 31

Indicated where the grapes are grown. Each GI has extra regulations about where the grapes can be grown and how the wine can be made

Question 32

What are the two subdivisions of the GI's inside the EU?

Answer 32

Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) | Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)

Question 33

What is a PDO?

Answer 33

PDO covers relatively small areas and have tightly defined regulations. most prestigious wines are classified with this term

Question 34

What is PGI?

Answer 34

This term covers a wider area and has less strict regulations

Question 35

What are the two French terms for PDO?

Answer 35

Appellations d'origine protegee (AOP) | Appellations d’ origine controlee (AOC)

Question 36

What are the two French terms for PGI?

Answer 36

Indication geographique protegee (IGP) | Vin de pays (VdP)

Question 37

What are two Italian terms for PDO?

Answer 37

Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) | Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garanitita (DOCG)

Question 38

What is an Italian terms for PGI?

Answer 38

Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT)

Question 39

What are two Spanish terms for PDO?

Answer 39

Denominacion de Origen (DO) | Denominacion de Origen Calificada) (DOCa)

Question 40

What is the Spanish term for PGI?

Answer 40

Vino de la Tierra

Question 41

What are two German terms for PDO?

Answer 41

Qualitatswein | Pradikatswein

Question 42

What is the German term for PGI?

Answer 42

Landwein

Question 43

What does the term Old Vine indicate?

Answer 43

A term not legally defined, that is often used to indicate that a wine has a higher quality

Question 44

What does the term Late Harvest indicate?

Answer 44

It indicates the grapes have been left on the vine and picked much later.

Question 45

What term indicates the grapes have been affected by noble rot?

Answer 45

Botrytis