Industrial Revolution

Question 1

What were examples of inventions mentioned in Charlie Brown?

Answer 1

• paper bag -football
• comic strip -baseball
• chewing gum -refrigerated railroad car
• ice cream sundae -cable cars
• drinking straw -vacuum
• toothpick -typewriter
• sneakers -billiard ball
• earmuffs -telephone
• 4-wheel roller skates -electric light bulb
• basketball -horseless carriage

Question 2

patent

Answer 2

government document giving an inventor the exclusive right to make and sell and invention for a specific number of years

Question 3

Bessemer steel process

Answer 3

uses less coal, so it reduced the price of steel

Question 4

Thomas Edison

Answer 4

inventor of the electric light bulb and many other devices; had a lab in New Jersey and over 1,000 patents. Edison created the first electric plant

Question 5

Alexander Graham Bell

Answer 5

inventor of the telephone, by accident and spilled acid on himself and found that sound travels on a line

Question 6

Christopher L Sholes

Answer 6

inventor of the first practical typewriter

Question 7

Elias Howe

Answer 7

first patented the sewing machine

Question 8

Isaac Singer

Answer 8

patented a sewing machine and continued to improve it

Question 9

Granville T Woods

Answer 9

patented devices to improve telephone and telegraph systems

Question 10

Margaret Knight

Answer 10

invented machines for packaging and the packaging and shoe making industries

Question 11

corporation

Answer 11

a business owned by investors who buy part of it through shares of stock

Question 12

shareholder

Answer 12

an investor who buys part of a company through shares of stock

Question 13

John D Rockefeller

Answer 13

founder of the Standard Oil Trust and made his fortune by buying out other refineries

Question 14

horizontal integration

Answer 14

buying out competition and in turn, raising the price

Question 15

Andrew Carnigie

Answer 15

built US steel industry

Question 16

vertical integration

Answer 16

control all processes related to manufacture

Question 17

robber baron

Answer 17

a business leader who became wealthy through dishonest methods

Question 18

monopoly

Answer 18

when a corporation owns a vast majority of the industry

Question 19

trust

Answer 19

a kind of monopoly formed when businesses join together in order to hold stock

Question 20

business cycle

Answer 20

the pattern of good and bad economic times

Question 21

depression

Answer 21

a period of low economic activity

Question 22

Gilded Age

Answer 22

the late 1800s in which there was much poverty covered by the wealthy and that there was a stigma that anyone could get wealthy through hard work

Question 23

tenement

Answer 23

run down and overcrowded apartment houses

Question 24

slum

Answer 24

neighborhood with overcrowded apartment houses

Question 25

Jane Addams

Answer 25

urban reformer and suffrage leader who founded the Hull House

Question 26

Hull House

Answer 26

settlement house founded by Jane Addams that provided daycare, education and healthcare

Question 27

political machine

Answer 27

an illegal gang that influences enough votes to control a local gang using extortion

Question 28

Tammany Hall

Answer 28

a political machine in New York City led by William Marcy Tweed that stole money from the city

Question 29

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 29

laws enacted in Southern states that affected schools, churches and swimming pools

Question 30

segregation

Answer 30

the separation of races

Question 31

Plessy v. Perguson

Answer 31

an 1896 Supreme Court case that upheld the legality of segregation

Question 32

NAACP

Answer 32

the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People formed by reformers

Question 33

Booker T. Washington

Answer 33

an early leader in the effort to achieve equality; founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Washington believed that education could gain African American advancement through economic security

Question 34

W.E.B. DuBois

Answer 34

a sociology professor; believed that African Americans should fight against segregation and pushed for higher education; disagreed with Washington

Question 35

Knights of Labor

Answer 35

one of the first labor unions in the country and a loose federation of workers from different trades

Question 36

anarchist

Answer 36

people who are anti-government

Question 37

negotiate

Answer 37

to make a deal that benefits both parties

Question 38

strike

Answer 38

when workers band together to gather and refuse to work to attain better wages or working conditions

Question 39

boycott

Answer 39

to refuse to purchase a product/ use service

Question 40

assembly line

Answer 40

a system used for mass production where each worker has a part to produce a product

Question 41

conveyor belt

Answer 41

a belt that moves products along an assembly line at a constant speed

Question 42

Haymarket Affair

Answer 42

a conflict between union leaders and police, 100 were wounded and 7 were killed in Chicago in a square; union membership dropped

Question 43

Samuel Gompers

Answer 43

a famous labor leader (the AFL president for 37 years) who created the American Federation of Labor.

Question 44

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Answer 44

a national organization of unions created by Samuel Gompers; used negotiations, strikes and boycotts to achieve aims

Question 45

Homestead Strike

Answer 45

at Andrew Carnegie's steel plant in Homestead, Pennsylvania, wages were cut and striking union workers were locked out and nonunion labor workers and armed guards were hired; violence erupted and 7 died; after 4 months, strike broke

Question 46

Pullman Strike

Answer 46

a strike that spread throughout the rail industry in 1894; led by Eugene V Debs

Question 47

Eugene V Debs

Answer 47

called on US Railroad workers to refuse to handle Pullman cars due to cut wages and high rent; rail traffic stopped and President Cleveland ended strike

Question 48

culture

Answer 48

a belief system of a group of people and actions due to beliefs

Question 49

Joseph Pulitzer

Answer 49

newspaper owner of the New York World

Question 50

William Randolph Hearst

Answer 50

newspaper owner of the New York Morning Journal, fierce competitor of Joseph Pulitzer

Question 51

department store

Answer 51

a new type of store that sold a wide variety of goods; goods were also available through mail catalog

Question 52

Angel Island

Answer 52

Immigrant processing in San Francisco (Asians)

Question 53

Ellis Island

Answer 53

Immigrant processing in New York (Europeans)

Question 54

Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 54

Banned Chinese immigration for 10 years. Chinese faced major discrimination because they were hard workers.

Question 55

J.P. Morgan

Answer 55

A banker who gave loans to RR companies and helped them join together.