industrialization quiz

Question 1

Factors of Production

Answer 1

land, economy, labor, stability

Question 2

urbanization

Answer 2

building + movement of cities

Question 3

impact on social classes

Answer 3

• gap between lower + upper class grew
• old middle class became new upper class due to businesses and growing production
• old upper class losing power due to old methods of obtaining money + power
• lower class is worse off; are paid, but are forced to work in factories, standard of living for them was EXTREMELY LOW

Question 4

standard of living throughout classes

Answer 4

got better for middle class; a lot worse for lower class, worse for old upper class

lower class : caused prominent short-term effects for economy and social structure
- sanitation and disease -> factories + workings areas were unsanitary, causing diseases, child + female labor, terrible working conditions

New middle class:
- were able to become businessmen + jump social positions
- adapted to distinct behaviors, had lush homes, separated from other classes

Old upper class:
- influence decreased bc of rising middle class
- previous fortune was amassed through inheritance, middle class obtained through trade + factories

Question 5

unionization

Answer 5

• strikes - refused to work

factory act: made child labor for children under 9 illegal

mines act: kept women + children from working underground

ten hours act: limited women + kids’ workdays to 10 hrs per day

slavery was abolished official in GB

women were both worse + better off

Question 6

Laissez-Faire Captialism

Answer 6

economic theory

business owners set working conditions w/o interference from gvnt

gvnt never interfered w economy

private ownership -> competition

invisible hand: if ppl followed own interests, world would be orderly + progressive; social harmony would occur w/o any gvnt direction, as if by the force of an invisible hand

theorists: adam smith, thomas malthus, David ricardo

Question 7

Utilitarianism

Answer 7

political theory

gvnt works to create greatest amount of good for greatest amount of people (eg. minimum wage)

stopped unfair laws (child labor, etc)

actions should be judged based on usefulness

theorists: Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, Robert Owen

Question 8

Socialism

Answer 8

economic theory

factors of production are owned by the public + benefits the people
gvnt should control economy/planet

change occurs through voting

radical socialism: Marxism -> the communist manifesto

theorists: Charles Foureir, Karl Marx (communism), Louis Blanc, Alexis de Toqueville

Question 9

Communism

Answer 9

political theory

purely a theory + predictions/predicted lower proletariat would revolt against Bourgeoisie

government would cease to exist, all means of production owned by the people - no private property

theorists: Karl Marx