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Pediatrics > Infections and Immunizations > Flashcards

Infections and Immunizations Flashcards

1
Q

Vaccine tricks

A

Handle injection site as little as possible
Arnica or ledum homeopathy (before)
Give sweet ahead of time
VIS

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2
Q

Post vaccine

A

Arnica, ledum, thuja, silica homeopathically

reassure parents, low fever ok

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3
Q

Tetanus vaccine sequalae

A

Anaphylaxis

brachial neuritis

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4
Q

Pertussis vaccine sequalae

A

Anaphylaxis

Encephalopathy

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5
Q

MMR Vaccine Seq

A

Anaphylaxis

Encephalopathy

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6
Q

Rubella Vaccine Seq

A

Chronic arthritis

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7
Q

Measles Vaccine Seq

A

High fever
Rash
Thrombocytopenia purpura
Measles

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8
Q

Polio Vaccine seq

A

Paralytic polio

Polio

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9
Q

Hepatitis B Vaccine Seq

A

Anaphylaxis

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10
Q

Rotavirus Vaccine Seq

A

Intussusception

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11
Q

Measles

Paramyxovirus

A

communicable 2-4 days before rash

**never give MMR vaccine before 12 mos, maybe wait until 2 yrs

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12
Q

Measles sxs

A

1st-fever, cough, conjunctivitis, photophobia, coryza, Koplik spots on oral mucosa
2nd- maculopapular rash

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13
Q

Measles Dx

A

Koplik spots!

helpful- coryza+photophobia

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14
Q

Measles Complications

A

UNCOMMON
pneumonia, OM, strep

TP, encephalitis, subacute pancencephalitis

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15
Q

Measles Managment

A

150-400,000 IU Vit A

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16
Q

Rubella Sxs

A

prodrome: 1-5 days, malaise, LAD
rash: face/neck to trunk and body. Gone in 3 days
“Scarlantiform rash” (appears like Scarlet fever)

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17
Q

Rubella Dx

A

NO Koplik spots, mild, no photophobia

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18
Q

Rubella Complications

A

Congenital Rubella Syndrome if contracted in first trimester (rare after 20 weeks)
deafness, eye problems, heart defects, mental retardation

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19
Q

Roseola infantum

most commonly HHV6

A

sxs: high fever, fever leaves then rash (starts on trunk), alert and active

convulsions during febrile phase

20
Q

Roseola Dx

A

rule out UTI, OM, meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis…you can presume Roseola!

21
Q

Roseola complications

A

seizures most common
aseptic meningitis
encephalitis
thrombocytopenic purpura

22
Q

Erythema infectiosum

ParvoB19 infection

A

can recur for several weeks

sxs: mild; slapped-cheek rash that spreads to extremities and trunk, (maybe arthralgia)

23
Q

Erythema infectiosum Dx

A

cx rash

IgM during acute

24
Q

Erythema infectiosum Complications

A

during preg can cause fetal death (but NOT teratogenic)
aplastic crisis
arthritis can last for mos

25
Q

Varicella sxs

A

prodrome: HA, low fever, malaise
rash: vesicular, comes in crops, crust over

26
Q

Varicella dx

A

lesions

can titer or immunoflourescnece or PCR of vesicular fluid

27
Q

Varicella complications

A

arthritis, GI organ involvement, pneumonia, encephalitis, nephritis, congenital varicella

28
Q

Varicella vaccine Seq

A

chicken pox, pain, fever, rash

*probably will need booster for rest of life

29
Q

Coxsackie virus

A

Hand, foot, mouth vesicular exanthem

Herpangina (mouth blisters)

30
Q

Coxsackie TX

A

mouthwash: clove oil in carrier oil

Magic mouth wash: Maalox (milk of magnesia) with liquid benadryl

31
Q

Bordatella pertussis

A

incubation 7-14
catarrhal–most transmissible! sneezing, lacrimation, coryza, hacking nocturnal cough
paroxysmal–most transmissible! 2 weeks after cough starts, thick mucus, may vomit after coughing paroxysms
convalescent–starts week 4, lasts 1-3 months

32
Q

Pertussis dx

A

PCR

33
Q

Pertussis management

A

oral erythromycin or azithromycin during catarrhal and early paroxysmal
quarantine

34
Q

Pertussis vaccine

A

acellular

2, 4, 6 mos, 15-18 mos, 4-5 years

35
Q

DTap

A

diptheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, acellular pertussis

only need Td every ten years for children > 7 yrs/adults

36
Q

Corynebacterium diptheriae

A

toxin causes tissue necrosis –> pseudomembrane

sxs: rhinorrhea that becomes bloody/mucopurulent
pharyngeal/tonsillar pseudomembrane

37
Q

Diptheria complications

A

myocarditis (most are transient)

nerve palsies, dysphagia

38
Q

Diptheria Management

A

Antitoxin ASAP

39
Q

Clostridium tetani

“lockjaw”

A

following deep wound, jaw stiffness

complications: from tetany- fractures, urinary retention, dysphagia, cerebral hemorrhage

40
Q

Tetanus Tx

A

hospitalization, air way maintenance, Ig, antibiotics

41
Q

Mumps

Paramyxovirus

A

painful swelling of parotid glands or testicles

BL, non-erythematous

42
Q

Mumps complications

A

orchitis in post-pubertal males (sterility rare)
meningoencephalitis
self-limiting pancreatitis
any glandular tissue can be involved

43
Q

Mumps management

A

avoid acids/things that increase salivation
homeopathic parotidinum

vaccine- 12-15 mos and 4-6 yrs

44
Q

Mononucleosis

Espstein-Barr

A

malaise/ fatigue then

fever, paharyngitis, LAD, splenomegaly

45
Q

Mono Dx

A

CBC with diff– atypical lymphocytes!

monospot for heterophil Abs

46
Q

Mono complications

A

strep pharyngitis
splenic rupture
airway obstruction from LAD (tx with roids)

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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