Flashcards in Infectious Disease Deck (36):
1
Most common pathogen of Necrotizing Fasciitis
Group A Strep (NOT staph aureus)
2
Disease that AIDS pts. can get from birds/pigeons
Dx
Tx
Cryptococcal meningitis (budding yeasts on India ink)
LP
Amphotericin B and Flucytosine
3
Describe erysipelas.
Causative pathogen
Tx
Raised, erythematous area with noted demarcation and painful to touch
Strep pyogenes (Group A strep)
PCN
4
Henoch Schonlein Purpura
Tx
Type 3 H.S. small vessel vasculitis in children d/t IgA complexes presenting as purpura in buttocks, hematuria, and proteinuria.
Supportive care (hydration, rest, pain management)
5
Neutropenic Fever: What should you give if the fever doesn't resolve with empiric antibiotics (Anti-pseudomonals)?
Amphotericin B anti-fungal
6
Post-Herpetic Neuralgia tx.
Nortriptyline is 1st line (Pregabalin is 2nd line)
7
Type I H.S. (anaphylaxis, asthma, urticaria/hives)
Mechanism
Ag cross links IgE on Mast and Basophils thereby releasing Histamine
8
Type II H.S. (Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Erythroblastosis Fetalis, Goodpasture Syn, Rheumatic Fever)
Mechanism
Cy-2-toxic process where IgM and IgG bind to Ag on enemy cell to form Membrane Attack Complex or phagocytosis
9
Type III H.S. (Polyarteritis nodosa, SLE, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Serum sickness, Arthus rxn)
Mechanism
Ag-Ab complexes activate complement and attract Neutrophils which then kill with lysozymes
10
Type IV H.S. (Delayed type, Mantoux test, Transplant rejection, Contact dermatitis)
Mechanism
T lymph are sensitized and when triggered, release lymphokines to activate macrophages
11
Most common pathogen in nosocomial acquired G(-) bacteremias.
Tx?
Enterobacter
Ertapenem
12
Tetanus Management Clean minor wound:
Unknown vacc. hx or 10 yrs since last dose. Otherwise nothing.
13
Tetanus Management NON-minor wound:
Unknown vacc. hx or 10 yrs since last dose. Otherwise nothing.
14
Tx. of Mucor
Amphotericin B + Surgical debridement
15
Dx. Hydatid cyst (Echinoccocus)
US + serology
16
Tx. for Local Tetanus
Tetanus Ig
Metronidazole
Benzodiazepine (like Diazepam)
17
Tx. for Methicillin-Sensitive Staph Aureus (MSSA)
Cefazolin
18
Tx. of Coagulase-Negative Staph bacteria
Vancomycin empirically
19
Histoplasmosis
Ohio River Valley
Diffuse bilateral nodular densities
Hilar lymphadenopathy
Tx: IV Amphotericin B then Itraconazole x 12wks
20
Blastomycosis (Broad Based Budding)
South Central US
Flu-like illness
Violaceous papules with crusting
21
When is PCV13 (pneumococcal vaccine 13 valent given)?
for 65+ y.o. then do PPSV23
22
When is PPSV23 vaccine given?
1 time vaccine
23
Salmonella keywords
G(-) rod MOTILE ("salmon swim") with flagella
Lactose Non-fermenter
H2S +
upregulates cAMP
Tx: Quinolone, TMP-SMX
24
Shigella keywords
G(-) rod NONMOTILE
Lactose Non-fermenter
H2S (-)
protein synthesis inhibiting toxin
daycare
Tx: Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin
25
Tuberculosis keywords
Acid Fast
Non-calcified round opacities
Cavitation of upper lobe is "advanced TB"
26
What herbal remedy should be avoided in a pt. taking HAART?
St. John's Wort. It increases metabolism of protease inhibitors.
27
Sarcoidosis pathophysiology
macro --> 1-a-hydroxylase (which converts Vit D to active 1,25...) thus increasing Ca absorption
28
AIDS Opportunistic Infections at 200-500 CD4
Prophylaxis?
Candidiasis
HSV
Kaposi
TB (Ppx: Isoniazid x 9mo)
Varicella
29
AIDS Opportunistic Infections at 100-200 CD4
Prophylaxis?
Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia
Ppx: TMP-SMX single strength
30
AIDS Opportunistic Infections at 50-100 CD4
Prophylaxis?
Coccidioidomycosis
CryptoSPORIDIUM
Histoplasma
Toxoplasmosis (Ppx: TMP-SMX 2x strength)
31
AIDS Opportunistic Infections at
CMV retinitis
CNS Lymphoma
CryptoCOCCUS
MAC (Ppx: weekly Azithromycin or weekly Clarithromycin)
32
Rheumatic Fever Criteria
Dx?
Joints
33
Graft V. Host Disease (Type IV H.S.)
T cells from DONOR attack the HOST's cells
34
Tx. Vibrio cholerae gastroenteritis
Azithromycin (macrolide), Tetracycline, or Fluoroquinolone + Oral rehydration
35
Cryptococcal Meningitis keywords
HIV pt.
budding yeasts on India ink
pigeons
Tx: Amphotericin B and Flucytosine
36