Infectious diseases Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
IE organisms from
Urological procedure
GI tract
Prosthetic valve surgery
A
Uro - E. faecalis
GI - Strep. bovis
Prosthetic valve - Staph. epidermidis, S. aureus
2
Q
Brain abscess + sinusitis
Organism
A
S. milleri
3
Q
IVDU + pan-systolic murmur + CXR pulmonary cavitations
A
Tricuspid valve endocarditis
+ septic embolisation
4
Q
Group A strep (pyogenes) + shock
A
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
5
Q
Rifampicin SE
A
orange secretions
deranged LFTs
CP450 inducer
6
Q
Isoniazid SE
A
peripheral neuropathy (give pyridoxine/B6) hepatotoxicity
7
Q
Pyrazinamide SE
A
hepatotoxicity
8
Q
Ethambutol SE
A
retrobulbar neuritis
9
Q
M tuberculosis resistance to Rifampicin MOA
A
alteration DNA dependent RNA transcriptase
10
Q
E. coli resistance MOA
A
ESBL
11
Q
S pneumoniae resistance to penicillin MOA
A
alter penicillin binding proteins
12
Q
Scrombotoxin source
A
fish
-> food poisoning
13
Q
S aureus and C perfringens source food poisoning
A
meat
14
Q
Yersinia source food poisoning
A
milk
15
Q
Pregnant woman exposed to rash
Which test?
A
Parvovirus B19
if + then intrauterine transfusion + doppler for hydrops faetalis
16
Q
Enteric fever Ix
A
malaria blood film
BC (S typhi and S paratyphi)
17
Q
Syphilis testing
A
Treponema test (TPPA, EIA) - detects treponemal Ag and Ab even after Tx
Non treponemal test (VDRL, RPR)
- detects Abs to cardiolipin, monitors response to Tx
18
Q
Disease prevalent south america/ africa but NOT Asia
Disease prevalent in asia
A
Yellow fever - africa/ south america
Japanese B encephalitis - south-east Asia.
19
Q
Yellow fever
A
RNA virus transmitted by female mosquitoes
results in an acute haemorrhagic disease
20
Q
commonest cause of viral meningitis in the adult population
A
Enterovirus meningitis
21
Q
Clear, fishy smelling discharge
no itching or irritation
A
bacterial vaginosis
22
Q
Haemorrhagic lesions of the temporal lobe
A
Herpes simplex virus
23
Q
Empirical treatment of uncomplicated MRSA skin infections should be with
A
oral doxycycline
or fusidic acid/trimethoprim + rifampicin
24
Q
What makes TB pt infectious
A
untreated smear-positive pulmonary TB is likely to be infectious
25
Oesophageal candidiasis + young woman with fever
Ix?
HIV test
oesophageal candidiasis is an AIDS-defining illness but oral candidiasis is not.
26
weakness of both legs and double incontinence.
CSF - inc. protein and neutrophils + normal glucose.
CMV polyradiculopathy
| Guillain Bare would have normal CSF
27
Pityriasis versicolor
Cause?
Rx?
skin lesion
caused by a fungus called Malassezia furfur
The treatment is topical selenium sulphide.
28
diarrhoeal illness
subtle 'rose spots' on the abdomen.
Typhoid fever
29
Organism most associated with meningitis in children
Haemophilus influenzae
30
Length duration Rx for TB
Bone
meningitis
drug resistant TB
bone TB - 9 months
meningitis - 1 year
drug resistance - 2 years
31
Travel
headaches and retro-orbital pain
severe musculoskeletal pain + maculopapular rash
Dengue fever (Flavivirus)
32
prophylactic treatment of healthcare workers during flu epidemics
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
33
Types of herpes simplex virus that can cause encephalitis
MRI changes
Rx
type 1 and type 2
Type 1 - older children/adults
Type 2 - neonates who acquire the virus during delivery
MRi shows temporal lobe changes
Rx = aciclovir if HSV encephalitis is suspected
34
Multiple painless umbilicated papular lesions
molluscum contagiosum
| caused by pox virus
35
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)associated with what immunodeficiency
panhypogammaglobulinaemia (low IgG)
36
Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula organism
What disease?
(found in moldy hay/straw)
| farmer's lung
37
Salmonella typhi
Who is carrier?
Where is reservoir for infection that can cause recurrent infection after ABx?
Females are carriers
Gallbladder can be reservoir of infection and cause relapse in individuals treated with antibiotics. Cholecystectomy may be indicated.
38
Painless ulcer on nose after travel to south america
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
| Leishmania braziliensis, spread by sandfly bites
39
painful, shallow ulcer
Travel to tropical area
Fusobacterium
40
Aciclovir MOA
synthetic purine nucleotide analogue
| DNA polymerase inhibitor
41
oseltamavir MOA
Neuramidase inhibitors
42
Ritonavir MOA
Protease inhibitors
43
tenofovir MOA
Reverse transciptase
44
Raltegravir MOA
Integrase inhibitors
45
severe pharyngitis
travel to eastern Europe
Cause?
diphtheria
Exotoxins produced by the organism may cause myocarditis or neurological defects.
46
SE of IV quinine therapy
Hypoglycaemia
47
Organism causing cutaneous anthrax?
Cause?
Gram stain?
Appearance?
Cutaneous anthrax is associated with a
Bacillus anthracis
direct contact of the bacteria into an open wound
Gram positive rod
Painless black eschar without pus + widespread oedema.
48
ulcer + travel
amastigotes on a thin smear of dermal scrapings
Giemsa stain
cutaneous leishmaniasis
49
Bacterial vaginosis vs. T vaginalis
bacterial vaginosis = fishy odour + NO soreness or irritation
Trichomoniasis vaginalis = yellow discharge + vulval irritation
50
recurrent painless haematuria and sensorineural deafness
Alport's syndrome
| mutations on collagen type 4 in kidneys/ eyes
51
Haemolytic anaemia + Heinz bodies
Cause?
Precipitants?
G-6-PD
X-linked inheritance
Precipitants e.g. antimalarials and broad beans
52
Fever, sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy and an adherent, greyish pharyngeal membrane
Pharyngeal diphtheria
53
C3 deficiency associated with which infection
N. meningitidis + encapsulated organisms
54
first-line treatment for mild-to-moderate infections f/ dog, cat, or human bite.
Co-amoxiclav i
55
severe egg allergy
Avoid which vaccine?
Yellow fever vaccine
56
C1qrs, C2, and C4 deficiency associated with
SLE
57
C5 deficiency
Leiner's disease
| syndrome of recurrent diarrhoea, wasting, and generalised seborrhoeic dermatitis presenting in infants.
58
commonest cause viral meningitis
enterovirus
| mumps
59
Cephalic tetanus causes
severe dysphagia
60
Abx given to household contacts of HiB meningitis
Rifampicin
Also vaccinate individuals if not already done so
61
Paul-Bunnel test for
EBV (infectious mononucleosis)
62
Rx PCP pneumonia
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
63
HIV + CD4 150
upper lobe infiltrates
Cause
PCP (commonly see UL infiltrates)§
64
positive India ink test
cryptococcal meningitis
65
gonorrhoea treatment
ceftriaxone 500 mg intramuscularly
66
DDx HIV pt ring enhancing lesion on CT head
cerebral toxoplasmosis
abscesses
metastases
atypical CNS lymphoma.
67
Giargia lamblia:
type of organism
how is it spread?
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Rx
parasite
faeco-oral route (cysts ingested)
diarrhoea, steatorrhoea, abdominal pain, and nausea
carriers can excrete cysts and are asymptomatic
stool microscopy
- if negative, then duodenal aspirates or biopsy
metronidazole
68
Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis Rx
Doxycycline
69
19M
severe pharyngitis
atypical lymphocytes on blood film,
modest rise in CRP
Likely cause?
EBV
NB. EBV test 25% false negative in first week infection
NB. S. pyogenes would have higher CRP rise and no atypical lymphocytes on blood film
70
Mycobacterium subtype that is opportunistic infection
Features?
Mycobacterium avium
typically when CD4 count is less than 50
fatigue, weight loss and fevers
Typically BM infiltration -> anaemic and/or pancytopaenic
71
Koplik spots diagnostic of
measles
blue-grey spots in buccal mucosa
72
maculopapular rash after takign amoxicillin
Cause?
Glandular fever
73
Rx tetanus
anti-tetanus Ig
Metronidazole/benpen
+/- diazepam, neuromuscular blockade, intubation
74
DDx cavitating mass on CXR
```
lung abscess
TB
malignancy
fungal (hstoplasmosis, coccidiodomycosis)
RA
Wegener's
```
75
```
49M alcoholic
night sweats
10kg wt loss
CXR nodular pattern throughout liung
giant cells on transbronchial biopsy
```
Cause?
TB
76
How do T cells recognise antigens?
Recognise Ag only when presented on (self) MHC molecules on an APC
77
Diagnostic test for anaphylaxis
Mast cell tryptase
Anaphylaxis = Type I hypersensitivity, IgE mediated
78
CJD Ix
| rapid decline in young person
EEG - can show abnormalities
79
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
MOA
Use
neuraminidase inhibitor
Used for influenza prophylaxis
80
Blood type more susceptible to Cholera
Blood type O
81
Streptococcus bovis IE
What Ix? Why?
Colonoscopy
| a/w strep bovis and colonic neoplasia
82
Likely causative organism prosthetic valve endocarditis
Staphylococcus (epidermidis)
83
ABx associated with QT prolongation
Macrolides e.g. erythromycin
84
Meningism signs/Sx. Gram negative organism. Older Adult
N. meningitidis (meningococcus)
85
Gram positive cocci. Meningism. What organism? (older adult)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
86
Complication of streptococcus pneumoniae in 50% of patients
Deafness
87
Newborns bacterial causes meningitis
Group B strep
S pneumonia
Listeria monocytogenes
E Coli
88
Babies bacterial causes meningitis
S pneumoniae, N meningitidis, H influenza, Group B Strep, TB
89
Young adults bacterial causes meningitis
Strep pneumoniae
| Neisseria meningitidis
90
Lyme disease causative organism
Borrelia burgdorferi
| Transmitted by ticks
91
Initial manifestation lyme disease
Erythema migrans at site of bite within 1-2 weeks
Signs/Sx Lyme disease
Constitutional - fever, headaches, myalgia, fatigue
Affects neurological, cardiac, MSK (arthritis)
92
27M fever, arthralgia, urethritis, swollen ankle w/pustular rash. Likely cause?
Disseminated gonorrhoea
93
Salmonella ABx
Ciprofloxacin
94
Define chronic diarrhoea
3+ stools/day for >4 weeks
95
Shigella ABx
Ampicillin or ciprofloxacin
96
Campylobacter ABx
Erythromycin
97
C diff Rx
Metronidazole, vancomycin
98
Yersinia ABx
Tetracycline
99
Abdominal bloating, intermittent diarrhoea, strong farts
Giardiasis
100
Gonorrhoea Rx
Chlamydia Rx
Gonorrhoea - CEFTRIAXONE/ CEFIXIME
Chlamydia - AZITHROMYCIN/ DOXYCYCLINE
