Infectious Diseases

Question 1

What is infection?

Answer 1

Tissue invasion by microorganisms causing disease

Question 2

How are infections classified?

Answer 2

Community acquired
Health-care associated

Question 3

What are important factors in the medical history?

Answer 3

Foreign travel
Occupation
Pets
Sex
Drugs
Injections
HIV

Question 4

What are the baseline investigations for an infection?

Answer 4

liver function tests
Urinalysis
Chest X ray

Question 5

What are the most common viral infections?

Answer 5

Herpes
HIV

Question 6

What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 herpes?

Answer 6

Type 1: transmitted through saliva
Type 2: transmitted through sex

Question 7

What is the clinical significance of herpes?

Answer 7

Causes severe ulcers around the mouth, genitals, eyes
Mortality rate 80% if baby catches

Question 8

What is herpes zoster and how does it present?

Answer 8

Viral infection
Reactivation of varicella-zoster virus
Painful self limited rash

Question 9

What are the complications of herpes zoster?

Answer 9

Post hermetic neuralgia
Will feel itchy and area is sensitive
Hyperalgesia

Question 10

How do we treat herpes zoster?

Answer 10

Acyclovir

Question 11

What is the limitation of treatment of herpes zoster?

Answer 11

No effect on post hermetic neuralgia

Question 12

What is the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 12

Epstein-Barr virus

Question 13

What are the clinical features of mononucleosis?

Answer 13

Anorexia
Malaise
Fever
Sore throat
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Macular Rash
Tonsillitis

Question 14

What are the long term complications of infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 14

Hepatitis
Respiratory obstruction
Ruptured spleen

Question 15

How do we diagnose mononucleosis?

Answer 15

Mono spot test

Question 16

What virus causes chickenpox?

Answer 16

Varicella zoster virus

Question 17

What are the complications of chicken pox?

Answer 17

Pneumonia
Neurological
Cellulitis

Question 18

How do we treat chicken pox?

Answer 18

Antihistamines
Acyclovir

Question 19

What virus causes mumps?

Answer 19

Paramyxovirus

Question 20

How is mumps spread?

Answer 20

Droplet infection

Question 21

What are the clinical features of mumps?

Answer 21

60% symptomatic
Fever
Malaise
Enlargement of parotid gland
Earache
Swallowing and submandibular glands affected

Question 22

What are the complications of mumps?

Answer 22

Neurological
Meningitis
Affects: ovaries, thyroid, pancreas and breasts

Question 23

How do we treat mumps?

Answer 23

Good OH
Scrotal support
Bed rest

Question 24

What are the childhood exanthems for mumps?

Answer 24

Measles
German measles
Mononucleosis
Scarlet fever
Erythema

Question 25

What is the virus that causes measles?

Answer 25

Paramyxovirus

Question 26

What are the clinical features of measles?

Answer 26

Conjunctivitis Lymphadenopathy Kopliks spots on buccal mucosa Rash

Question 27

What are the complications of measles?

Answer 27

Gingivostomatitis

Question 28

What is German measles caused by?

Answer 28

Rubella

Question 29

What is the difference between measles and German measles?

Answer 29

German measles doesn’t cause gingivostomatitis Can cause build up of mucus in airway

Question 30

What causes enteroviral infections?

Answer 30

Coxsackie virus a and b

Question 31

What is an example of enteroviral infection?

Answer 31

Hand foot and mouth disease

Question 32

What are the clinical features of enteroviral infections?

Answer 32

Fever Malaise Anorexia Sore throat Vesicular rash Hands 65%

Question 33

What is parvovirus B19?

Answer 33

Erythema infectiosum Slapped cheeks

Question 34

How are hepatitis B and C spread?

Answer 34

Infected blood HBV in saliva

Question 35

What are the clinical features of HCV?

Answer 35

Lichenoid reaction Xerostomia

Question 36

Wha type of infection is scarlet fever?

Answer 36

Bacteria

Question 37

What is scarlet fever caused by?

Answer 37

Beta haemolytic streptococci

Question 38

What are the clinical features of scarlet fever?

Answer 38

Pharyngeal infection Rash that blanches on pressure Strawberry tongue

Question 39

What is the incubation phase of whooping cough?

Answer 39

7 days Build up of mucus 1-2 weeks

Question 40

What gram negative bacilli causes whooping cough?

Answer 40

Bordetella pertussis

Question 41

What are the clinical features of whooping cough?

Answer 41

4-6 weeks inspiratory whoop cough Vomiting Laceration of lingual fraenum

Question 42

How do we test for whooping cough?

Answer 42

Para nasal swabs Immunofluorescent antibody test

Question 43

Is TB viral or bacterial?

Answer 43

Bacterial Rising in the UK

Question 44

What is the cause of TB?

Answer 44

Myobacterium tuberculosis

Question 45

Which vaccine immunises against TB?

Answer 45

BCG

Question 46

What is seen in the mouth of TB?

Answer 46

Swelling of gums and lips

Question 47

What is a relevant fungal infection?

Answer 47

Oral candidiasis