Infertility Assessment and male causes Flashcards Preview

ENDO Pathology > Infertility Assessment and male causes > Flashcards

Flashcards in Infertility Assessment and male causes Deck (20)
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1
Q

what are some of the drugs that can cause male infertility

A

excess alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, testosterone supplement, cocaine

2
Q

what groups can the causes of male infertility be grouped into

A

non-obstructive and obstructive

3
Q

give some examples of non-obstructive causes of male infertility

A

genetic, chemo/radiotherapy, undescended testes, idiopathic

4
Q

what are some of clinical features of non-obstructive male infertility

A

low testicular volume, reduced secondary sexual characteristics, vas deferens present

5
Q

what are the endocrine features of non-obstructive male infertility

A

High FSH and LH, low testosterone

6
Q

what are some the causes of obstructive male infertility

A

congenital(eg cystic fibrosis), infection, vasectomy

7
Q

what are some of the clinical features seen in male infertility

A

normal testicular volume, normal secondary sexual characteristics, vas deferens may be absent

8
Q

what endocrine features are seen in obstructive male infertility

A

normal FSH, LH and testosterone

9
Q

what is assessed in the clinical examination of a female for infertility

A

BMI, general exam, body hair distribution, galactorrhoea, pelvic exam, uterine/ovarian abnormalities/tenderness/mobility

10
Q

what is assessed in the clinical examination of a male for infertility

A

BMI, general exam, genital exam, assessing size/position of testes, penile abnormalities, presence vas deferens, presence varicoceles

11
Q

what are the general investigations done for female infertility

A

endocervical swab(chlamydia), cervical smear, blood(rubella), midluteal progesterone level, test to tubal patency

12
Q

what tests can be done for test of tubal patency for female ifnertility

A

hysterosalpingiogram or laparoscopy

13
Q

what other assessments can be done for female infertility, if needed

A

hysteroscopy, pelvic ultrasound, endocrine profile and chromosomes

14
Q

when would a hysterosalpingiogram be done for female infertility

A

if nil known risk factors tubal/pelvic pathology, or laparoscopy contrandicated

15
Q

when would laparoscopy be done for female infertility

A

possible tubal/pelvic pathology, known previous pathology, previously abnormal HSG

16
Q

when would a hysteroscopy or pelvic ultrasound be needed for female infertility

A

hysterectomy = suspected endometrial pathology

pelvic ultrasound = abnormality on pelvic exam, or indicated by other tests

17
Q

what investigations are typically used for male infertility

A

history, examination(general, genital), semen analysis(twice 6 weeks apart)

18
Q

what other assessments are done if semen analysis abnormal

A

LH and FSH, testosterone, prolactin, thyroid function

19
Q

what other assessments are done if semen analysis is severely abnormal

A

endocrine profile,(as in abnormal semen), chromosome analysis, screen for CF, testicular biopsy

20
Q

when would a scrotal ultrasound be used

A

if there is an abnormality on genital examination

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