inflammation

Question 1

where is the appendix located?

Answer 1

RLQ

Question 2

what r some causes of appendicitis ?

Answer 2

obstruction of fecalith, tumor, foreign body

Question 3

is appendicitis more common in males or females?

Answer 3

males

Question 4

signs that test specifically for appendicitis (5)

Answer 4

Rebound tenderness
McBurney’s point
Rovsing’s sign
Psoas sign
obturators sign

Question 5

what is rebound tenderness (appendicitis)?

Answer 5

when you push on abdomen and when u release is when they have that pain

Question 6

What is McBurney’s point (appendicitis)?

Answer 6

where u draw a line from umbilicus to RLQ and about 2/3 of the way there is usually where appendicitis pain is

Question 7

what is Rovsing’s sign (appendicitis) ?

Answer 7

when u apply pressure on LLQ it’ll elicit pain on their RLQ

Question 8

what is Psoas sign (appendicitis) ?

Answer 8

when they lie on their left side they would have pain with the extension of their right hip

Question 9

What is Obturator sign (appendicitis) ?

Answer 9

when they lie on their back, internal rotation of the right hip would elicit pain

Question 10

what are some complications that could occur with appendicitis?

Answer 10

Perforation and Peritonitis

Question 11

-dull periumbilical pain progressing to sharp RLQ pain that is aggravated by coughing, moving, walking
-rebound tenderness
-anorexia: no appetite
-fever
-n/v
-Diarrhea or constipation

Answer 11

appendicitis

Question 12

peritonitis can be caused by

Answer 12

infection or perforation

Question 13

rigid, board like abdomen

Answer 13

peritonitis

Question 14

finds out what the bacteria is

Answer 14

culture

Question 15

tells us which antibiotics to use to treat it

Answer 15

sensitivity

Question 16

cholecystitis

Answer 16

inflammation of the gallbladder

Question 17

where is the gallbladder?

Answer 17

RUQ

Question 18

what is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 18

stores and concentrates bile

Question 19

what is choledocholithiasis?

Answer 19

where stones pass and get stuck in the biliary duct system

Question 20

the five risk factors of cholecystitis

Answer 20

female, 40, fertile, fair (white), full bodied

Question 21

where is the pancreas located?

Answer 21

starts in the RUQ but goes all the way across the the LUQ (where the tail is)

Question 22

2 risk factors for pancreatitis

Answer 22

males, 40’s

Question 23

2 most common causes of pancreatitis are

Answer 23

alcohol and gallstones (cholelithiasis)

Question 24

3 causes of chronic pancreatitis:

Answer 24

-long term alcohol abuse
-malnutrition specifically poor protein intake
-smoking

Question 25

pseudocyst (collection of leaked pancreatic fluid); bile duct or duodenal obstruction; splenic vein thrombosis; pancreatic cancer can all be complications of

Answer 25

chronic pancreatitis

Question 26

what are some clinical manifestations of chronic pancreatitis?

Answer 26

-upper abdominal pain -abdominal pain that feels worse after eating -unintentional weight loss -steatorrhea

Question 27

causes of acute pancreatitis

Answer 27

alcohol abuse and cholelithiasis

Question 28

abscess and pseudocyst are complications that can occur from

Answer 28

acute pancreatitis

Question 29

what two enzymes are watched closely in acute pancreatitis?

Answer 29

amylase and lipase

Question 30

function of amylase

Answer 30

break down carbohydrates

Question 31

function of lipase

Answer 31

assists in digesting fats

Question 32

purplish area around umbilicus

Answer 32

cullen's sign

Question 33

purplish area around flank area

Answer 33

grey turners sign

Question 34

2 main inflammatory bowel diseases

Answer 34

ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease

Question 35

hallmark symptom in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease

Answer 35

inflammation

Question 36

gold standard testing for both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease

Answer 36

colonoscopy

Question 37

there are healthy parts of intestines mixed in between inflamed areas

Answer 37

crohn's disease

Question 38

more of a continuous inflammation of the colon

Answer 38

ulcerative colitis

Question 39

-subacute and chronic -extends through all layers -can occur anywhere in GI tract -most common in distal ileum and ascending colon -appears in patches cobblestone appearance

Answer 39

crohn's disease

Question 40

some clinical manifestations of Crohn's disease

Answer 40

-RLQ pain -N/V -diarrhea -weight loss, malnutrition, electrolyte imbalance -occasional rectal bleeding -cramping, tenderness

Question 41

intestinal obstruction; stricture formation; f and E imbalance, malabsorption, malnutrition; fistula formation; abscess formation are all some complications of

Answer 41

Crohn's disease

Question 42

-remissions and exacerbations -restricted to colon and rectum -limited to mucosa and submucosa (inner lining) -continuous: occurs one after the other

Answer 42

ulcerative colitis

Question 43

telltale symptoms of ulcerative colitis is

Answer 43

multiple bouts of bloody, mucous, or purulent diarrhea -LLQ pain

Question 44

toxic megacolon, perforation, hemorrhage can all be complications of

Answer 44

ulcerative colitis

Question 45

what do u want to check for after an EGD

Answer 45

gag reflex

Question 46

goal of treatment for both Crohn's and ulcerative colitis is

Answer 46

to decrease inflammation

Question 47

first line medication for both crohn's and ulcerative colitis is

Answer 47

sulfasalazine or mesalamine if sulfa allergy

Question 48

what diet should both Crohns and ulcer be on

Answer 48

low residue (low fiber), high protein, high calorie

Question 49

saclike herniation in the wall of your colon, occurs when there is increased pressure

Answer 49

diverticula

Question 50

the presence of multiple diverticula

Answer 50

diverticulosis

Question 51

inflammation or infection of diveritcula

Answer 51

diverticulitis

Question 52

age, obesity, smoking, lack of exercise, diet, medications (anti-inflammatories, NSAIDS) are all risk factors for

Answer 52

diverticulitis

Question 53

Bowel irregularity, Nausea, anorexia, abdominal distention are manifestations of what and are not troublesome

Answer 53

diverticulosis

Question 54

LLQ crampy abdominal pain; change in bowel habits; constipation or obstipation; abdominal distention; nausea, fever, leukocytosis. elevated WBC's

Answer 54

diverticulitis

Question 55

Abscess formation, hemorrhage perforation, peritonitis, fistula formation can all be complications of

Answer 55

diverticulitis

Question 56

gold standard to diagnose diverticulitis

Answer 56

CAT scan with contrast

Question 57

what are 3 examples of extrinsic intestinal obstruction

Answer 57

adhesion, hernia, abscess

Question 58

3 intrinsic examples of intestinal obstruction

Answer 58

tumor, stricture, intussusception

Question 59

an example of functional intestinal obstruction

Answer 59

paralytic ileus

Question 60

period of time from decision of surgery until patient is transferred to operating room

Answer 60

preoperative phase

Question 61

period of time that starts when the patient enters the OR area and continues until patient is admitted to PACU

Answer 61

Intraoperative Phase

Question 62

period of time beginning with admission to PACU and ending with the last follow up visit with surgeon

Answer 62

Postoperative Phase

Question 63

high BP, High temp, rigid muscle, muscle spasms, rapid heart rate r all signs of

Answer 63

malignant hyperthermia