Inflammation

Question 1

Disadvantages of acute inflamation

Answer 1

Swelling
Pain
Loss of function
pus formation leading to boils and abscess.

Question 2

Chronic inflammation causes —– and —–

Answer 2

1. fibrosis (leading to adhesions and fibrosis of infacts)

2. Tissue shrinkage (leading to blockages and contractures)

Question 3

What is a hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 3

A powerful immune response to an allergern

Question 4

Example of Type 1 Analphylactic/immediate hypersensitivity

Answer 4

allergy to latex, suxamethonium or volatile agent

Question 5

High levels of this antibody are inherited in patient who have Type 1 Ananphylactic/immediate hypersensitivity

Answer 5

IgE

Question 6

What happens in Type I Anaphylactic reaction

Answer 6

When exposed to allergen, IgE activates mast cells and basophils to release histamine.

Histamine release:

constricts smooth muscle (leads to bronchospasm)
vasodilation (decrease BP)
increased vascular permeability (causes swelling)

Question 7

Example of auto immune disease

Answer 7

Rheumatoid arthritis. Antibodies to synovial membrane produced causes chronically inflamed joints which are stiff, painful and swollen

Question 8

surgical considerations for patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 8

positioning. paper skin due to long term steroids. encourage to position themselves on operating table
limited neck movement so airway challenging - may need awake intubation

Question 9

Benefits of acute inflammation

Answer 9

promotes phagocytosis - phagocytic cells actively recruited into inflamed areas
Promotion of immune response - tissue exudate enables antibodies to collect at site
Toxin dilute due to tissue exudate
Increased core temp - inhibits growth of microbes while promoting phagocytosis
Fibrin formation - contains inflamed area and prevents spread, encourages wound healing