inflammation - non-specific defence Flashcards
what is inflammation?
A response to any damage to the tissues
what is the role of inflammation
- reduce the spread of any pathogens
- destroy pathogens
- prevent the entry of additional pathogens
- remove damaged tissue and cell debris
- begin repair of the damaged tissue
what are the 4 signs of inflammation?
- Redness
- Swelling
- Heat
- Pain
what is the first step in the inflammatory response?
stimulus is mechanical damage or local chemical changes
what is the 2nd step in the inflammatory response?
mast cells stimulate & coordinate inflammation process by releasing chemicals HISTAMINE, HEPARIN and other substances into tissue fluid
what is the 3rd step in the inflammatory response?
histamine’s effects
= increased blood flow through the area (causes heat + redness)
= increased permeability of blood capillary walls so that fluid is filtered from the blood into tissue fluid
what is the 4th step in the inflammatory response?
heparin’s effects
= prevents blood clotting in the immediate area of injury
= clot of fluid around damaged area forms + slows the spread of the pathogen into healthy tissues
what is the 5th step in the inflammatory response?
chemicals released by mast cells attract phagocytes
- macrophages and leucocytes actively engulf micro-organisms and debris by phagocytosis
what is the 6th step of the inflammatory response?
abnormal conditions in the tissue stimulate pain receptors
what is the 7th step of the inflammatory response?
- phagocytes filled with bacteria, debris and dead cells begin to die
- dead phagocytes and tissue fluid form pus
what is the 8th step of the inflammatory response?
new cells are produced by mitosis, and repair of damaged tissues takes place
what is the 9th step of the inflammatory response?
the tissue heals when histamine and protein signaling finish
- phagocytes are no longer attracted to the area
