The study of laws relating to movements or structure of living organisms
Biomechanics
The cause of a disease or condition
Etiology
The science of the causes and effects of diseases
Pathology
A physical or mental feature that indicates a disease
Symptom
Any objective evidence of disease
Sign
Name of a specific condition
Diagnosis
Predicted outcome of an injury
Prognosis
Evaluation designed to locate and manage life threatening injuries
Primary assessment
Assessment done after primary survey
Secondary assessment
Movement effected by the organism itself, unaided by external forces
Active movement
Person or equipment moves the joint through the range of motion
Passive movement
A group of symptoms that consistently occur together
Syndrome
Normal pulse for adults
60-80
Normal pulse for children
80-100
Normal respiration for adults
12-20 per minute
Normal respiration for children
20-25 per minute
Normal blood pressure
120/80
Normal temperature
98.6 degrees F
Red skin color means
Heatstroke, high blood pressure
White skin color means
Shock, poor circulation
Blue skin color
Airway obstruction
Pupils should be
Equal in size, respond to light by dilating. Response is more important than size
What are the life threatening conditions that should be evaluated in primary survey
Airway obstruction, no circulation, no breathing, severe bleeding and shock
What are 3 ways to control eternal bleeding?
Direct pressure, elevation, and pressure points
Determination of serious life threatening injury that is done on field immediately after injury
Primary assessment
Thorough evaluation off the field
Secondary assessment
What does HOPS stand for
History
Observation
Palpation
Special tests
What does SOAP notes stand for
Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan
Normal endpoints
Soft tissue
Capsular feel
Bone to bone
Muscular
Abnormal endpoints
Empty feel
Spasm
Lose
Springy block
Blue skin color
Airway obstruction
Pupils should be
Equal in size, respond to light by dilating. Response is more important than size
Soft and spongy, a gradual painless stop
Soft tissue
Firm endpoint
Capsular feel
A distinct and abrupt endpoint, 2 hard surfaces coming together
Bone to bone
Springy feeling
Muscular
Pain occurs before the end of the range
Empty feel
Hypermobility
Loose
Rebound at end point
Springy block
Shoulder flexion
180
Shoulder extension
50
Shoulder adduction
40
Shoulder abduction
180
Elbow flexion
145
Forearm pronation
80
Forearm supination
85
Wrist flexion
80
Wrist extension
70
Hip flexion
125
Hip extension
10
Knee flexion
140
Ankle plantarflexion
45
Ankle dorsiflexion
20
History (symptoms)
What happened How did it happen When did it happen Where does it hurt Did you hear anything Feel a pop Has it happened before Type of pain Pain scale 1-10 Any previous treatment
Observation (what you see)
Bilateral compare Deformity Body posturing Swelling Inflammation Ecchymosis
Palpation (physical exam)
Start with bones- rule out fracture
Soft tissue-muscle, tendon, ligament, organs
Special tests
Stress test
Functioning (determine return to play)
Action of increasing angle at ankle
Plantar flexion
Action of decreasing angle at ankle
Dorsiflexion
Bringing heels in toward midline
Inversion
Bringing heels away from midline
Eversion