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Microbiology > innate immunity - L8A > Flashcards

innate immunity - L8A Flashcards

1
Q

innate immunity:

A

rapid

non specific

no memory

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2
Q

adaptive immunity

A

slow

extremly specific

memory

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3
Q

examples of innate immune cells

A

neutrophil

monocyte

mast cell

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4
Q

examples adaptive immune cells

A

T cell

B cell

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5
Q

what is innate immunity designed to give you

A

give you an inbuilt activity to resist infection

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6
Q

what does innate immunity help to trigger and amplify

A

adaptive response

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7
Q

What factors are used in the innate system

A

humoral factors

cellular factors

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8
Q

how is the epithelial barrier a defence

A

selectively permeable

produces naturally occurring antibodies

transports antibodies

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9
Q

what are some microbial chemicals of the equilibrium

A

digestive enzymes

lysozymes

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10
Q

what are cytokines

A

hormones for leukocytes

proteins and peptides that modulate cell behaviour

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11
Q

what do cytokines regulate

A
  • various functions of immune cells
  • growth
    -differentiation
  • activation
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12
Q

are cytokines soluble

A

yes

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13
Q

how do cytokines act

A

locally and systemically

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14
Q

what do chemokine drive

A

chemoattraction

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15
Q

what release inflammatory mediators

A

activated macrophages

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16
Q

what does inflammation cause

A

redness

swelling

pain

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17
Q

what do activated macrophages help

A

recruit more phagocytes

allow entry of plasma proteins

provides physically barrier

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18
Q

what is phagocytosis?

A

the process of internalisation by immune cells called phagocytes

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19
Q

what is phagocytosis driven by

A
  • opsonic receptors
  • non-opsonic receptors
20
Q

what are tissue resident macrophages involved in

A

wound healing

tissue repair and development

21
Q

what do tissue resident macrophages maintain

A

tissue homeostasis

22
Q

what are recruited macrophages

A

blood monocytes recruited to tissues and become macrophages

23
Q

are recruited macrophages inflammatory

A

yes very

24
Q

what are neutrophils

A

type of white blood cell that act on your first line of defence

25
Q

what are neutrophils major roles

A

phagocytosis

26
Q

what are killing mechanisms of neutrophils

A

acidification

enzymes

competitors

27
Q

what are the 3 stages of neutrophil killing

A

phagocytosis

degranulation (1,2,3)

neutrophil extracellular traps

28
Q

what are the 3 stages of neutrophil killing

A

phagocytosis

degranulation (1,2,3)

neutrophil extracellular traps

29
Q

what are monocytes

A

the largest white blood cell

30
Q

what do monocytes do

A

migrate into tissue and become macrophages

31
Q

what are monocytes recruited in

A

response to inflammation

32
Q

what do eosinophils do

A

undergo degranulation

support activation of other leukocytes

tissue repair

33
Q

name facts about mast cells

A

found in tissue

long lived

need stem cell factor

34
Q

name facts about basophils

A

circulate in blood

short lived

need IL3 and TSLP for survival

35
Q

what are the functions of mast cells and basophils

A

degranulation

cytokine secretion

36
Q

what are dendritic cells

A

phagocyte and antigen presenting cell

37
Q

what are functions of dendritic cells

A

process antigens using MHC proteins

38
Q

what are functions of dendritic cells

A

process antigens using MHC proteins

39
Q

what are innate lymphoid cells derived from

A

ILC progenitor in bone marrow

40
Q

what are the functions of innate lymphoid cells

A

homeostasis

inflammation

early pathogen response

41
Q

how does the innate immune system respond to pathogens

A

Microbes have PATTERNS called PATHOGEN ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS

Damaged cells have DAMAGE ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS

Immune cells have SENSORS for these

42
Q

when does acute phase response occur

A

after injury or infection

43
Q

what is Chronic Granulomatous Disease due to

A

genetic defects in NADPH

44
Q

what pathogens are in Chronic Granulomatous Disease

A

opportunistic

45
Q

what is our first line of defence

A

epithelia barriers

46
Q

do the innate and adaptive systems overlap

A

yes

47
Q

What’s can innate immune cell deficiencies results in

A

disease

Microbiology (15 decks)

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