what type of mechanism is vomiting
defence
what is the main site for sensing emetic stimuli
Chemoreceptor trigger zone
which cells sense toxic chemicals/toxins in the gut
Enterochromaffin cells
examples of antihistamines
cyclizine, promethazine, diphenhydramine
which receptors are antihistamines antagonists for
H1 receptors in the brain
when are antihistamines indicated
naseau and vomiting - motion sickness
side effects of antihistamines
sedation
example of antimuscarinic
scopolamine (Hyoscine)
what are antimuscarnics indicated for
motion sickness
side effects of antimuscarincs
dry mouth
tachycardia
constipation
examples of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
ondansetron
granisetron
palonosetron
where do 5-HT3 receptor antagonists act
CTZ of medulla in hindbrain
GI tract
side effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
constipation, diarrhoea, headache
examples of dopamine receptor antagonists
chlorpromazine droperidol haloperidol prochlorperazine metoclopyramide domperidone
where do D2 receptor antagonists act
CTZ of medulla in hindbrain
GI tract
which dopamine receptor antagonists doesn’t act at the CTZ
domperidone
examples of Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists
fosaprepitant
aprepitant
where do NK1 receptor antagonists act
CTZ
what do NK1 receptor antagonists block the effect of
substance P
side effects of NK1 receptor antagonists
constipation
headache
examples of anti-diarrhoeal drugs
loperamide
diphenoxylate
side effects of anti-diarrhoeal drugs
constipation
sedation
respiratory depression
what is the bulk forming laxative
ispaghula husk
what is the osmotic laxative called
lactulose
what is the stimulant purgative laxative that increases electrolyte and water secretion from renal mucosa
Senna
cyclizine
antihistamine
promethazine
antihistamine
diphenhydramine
antihistamine
scopolamine
antimuscarinic
ondansetron
5-HT3 receptor antagonist
granisetron
5-HT3 receptor antagonist
palonosetron
5-HT3 receptor antagonist
chlorpromazine
dopamine receptor antagonist
droperidol
dopamine receptor antagonist
haloperidol
dopamine receptor antagonist
prochlorperazine
dopamine receptor antagonist
metoclopramide
dopamine receptor antagonist
domperidone
dopamine receptor antagonist
fosaprepitant
NK1 receptor antagonist
aprepitant
NK1 receptor antagonist
loperamide
anti-diarrhoeal drug
diphenoxylate
anti-diarrhoeal drug
