Intraoral Anatomy Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
The enamel has a __(1)__ physical density, therefore __(2)__ x-ray photons will be absorbed by it, and __(3)__ x-ray photons will reach the imaging receptor, resulting in a more __(4)__ appearance for the enamel in a radiograph.
A
(1) high
(2) more
(3) less
(4) radiopaque
1
Q
A (radiopaque)
B (radiolucent)
C (radiopaque)
D (radiolucent)
A
(A) Tip of the nose
(B) Incisive foramen
(C) Anterior nasal spine
(D) Intermaxillary suture
2
Q
A (radiopaque)
B (radiopaque)
C (radiopaque)
D (radiopaque)
A
(A) Floor of the maxillary sinus
(B) Zygomatic bone
(C) Zygomatic process of the maxilla
(D) Lamina dura
3
Q
A (radiolucent)
B (radiolucent)
C (radiolucent)
D (radiopaque)
A
(A) Mental foramen
(B) Periodontal ligament space
(C) Pulp cavity
(D) Enamel
4
Q
A (radiolucent) B (radiolucent) C (radiopaque) D (radiopaque) E (radiolucent)
A
(A) Mandibular canal (B) Submandibular gland fossa (C) Mylohyoid ridge (D) External oblique ridge (E) Dental follicle space
5
Q
A (radiopaque)
B (radiolucent)
C (radiopaque)
D (radiopaque)
A
(A) Mental ridge
(B) Lingual Foramen
(C) Inferior border of the Mandible
(D) Genial tubercles
6
Q
Does the mylohyoid ridge appear radiopaque or radiolucent?
A
Radiopaque
7
Q
Does the mandibular canal appear on an X-ray as radiopaque or radiolucent?
A
Radiolucent
8
Q
What are the radiopaque protuberances that surround the lingual foramen in an x-ray image?
A
Genial tubercles
9
Q
Identify the labeled structure
A
zygomatic process of the maxilla
10
Q
Identify the labeled structure
A
nasal septum
11
Q
Identify the labeled structure
A
incisive (nasopalatine) foramen
12
Q
How does the mandibular canal appear in a radiograph?
A
A radiolucent band, with two thin radiopaque lines that represent the cortical walls of the canal and outline the mandibular canal. Appears below or superimposed over the apices of the mandibular molar teeth.
12
Q
The submandibular gland fossa appears in the mandible as a radiopaque area, located in the molar region below the mylohyoid ridge.
True/False?
A
False. The area would appear radiolucent.
13
Q
The floor of the nasal cavity is observed in radiographs..?
A. Near the occlusal surface of the tooth
B. At the cemento-enamel junction
C. At the furcation of mandibular teeth
D. At the apices of the maxillary teeth
A
D
14
Q
Which of the following landmarks appears radiolucent on a radiograph taken of the maxilla?
A. Periodontal ligament space B. Mental fossa C. Lamina dura D. Genial tubercles E. Enamel
A
A. Periodontal ligament space
15
Q
Which of the following landmarks appears radiopaque on a radiograph taken of the mandible?
A. Incisive foramen B. Anterior nasal spine C. Mental ridge D. Lingual foramen E. Mandibular canal
A
C. Mental ridge
16
Q
True or false: Dental restorative materials typically appear more radiolucent than surrounding tooth structure such as enamel and dentin.
A
False
17
Q
On a radiograph, the external oblique ridge of the mandible will be _______ to the mylohyoid ridge.
A
superior
18
Q
The submandibular gland fossa may appear to look like a lesion on a radiograph. How can we distinguish this fossa from a lesion?
A
Through the presence of trabeculae.
19
Q
The periodontal ligament space appears _____ . The lamina dura appears _____ .
A
radiolucent; radiopaque
20
Q
What component of the oral cavity is not apparent radiographically because the contrast between it and dentin is minimal?
A
cementum
21
Q
What is the most radiolucent element seen in the oral cavity?
A
Air
22
Q
When is cementum visible on radiographs?
A
when hypercementosis occurs
23
```
Which of the following can be seen in the following image?
I. Lingual Foramen
II. Genial Tubercles
III. Mental Ridge
IV. Mental Foramen
```
```
A.) I only
B.) I, II
C.) I, II, III
D.) I, II, IV
E.) I, II, III, IV
```
C.) I, II, III
24
True or False: The mental fossa is a depression on the labial aspect of the mandible extending laterally from the midline and above the mental ridge that appears as a radiopaque area on a radiograph.
False.
Correct Statement: The mental fossa is a depression on the labial aspect of the mandible extending laterally from the midline and above the mental ridge that appears as a RADIOLUCENT area on a radiograph.
25
1. The following structures are listed from most to least radiopaque: Pulp, Dentin, Enamel.
2. The PDL consists of connective tissue fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics, thus it appears as a thin radiopaque line around the root of the tooth.
A.) Both statements are true.
B.) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
C.) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
D.) Both statements are false.
D.) Both statements are false.
Reasoning:
1. ) Most to least Radiopaque = Enamel, Dentin, Pulp
2. ) The PDL consists of connective tissue fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics, thus it appears as a thin RADIOLUCENT line around the root of the tooth.
26
Cementum is not usually apparent radiographically because the contrast between it and ____ is so low and the cementum layer is so thin.
Dentin
27
Widening of the PDL space around the apical area can be caused by _______ .
infection and orthodontic treatment
28
The lateral fossa is a radiolucent area located between the _____ & the _____ .
Maxillary canine & lateral incisor
29
Why do the middle teeth not have roots?
It is a bridge!
30
What is labeled in red?
Naso-labial fold
31
What is labeled A in red and what is labeled B in yellow?
A: Zygomatic process of the maxilla
B: Zygomatic bone
32
What is the radiolucent area above the mental ridge seen on a radiograph called?
Mental Fossa
33
Where does the lingual foramen show up on a radiograph?
It is a small, radiolucent dot located below the apices of the mandibular incisors.
34
Radiolucent structures interact more or less with X-rays? Give me two examples of radiolucent structures.
Radiolucent structures interact less with X-rays. Examples include air and soft tissues.
35
What is the name of the anatomical structures of the alveolar bone through which neurovascular elements are transmitted?
Nutrient Canals
36
What anatomical structure is sometimes mistaken for a lesion (i.e. a periapical cyst or granuloma) due to its apical location when viewed radiographically?
The mental foramen
37
You take a radiograph on a patient and notice that there are decreased or no trabeculations in the area of the submandibular fossa; what is a possible indication of this finding?
Decreased trabeculations in this area indicate that the patient may be suffering from an anomaly or a lesion. Further investigation is recommended
38
Identify the labeled structures.
```
A. External oblique ridge
B. Mandibular canal
C. Enamel
D. Dentin
E. Pulp chamber
```
39
Identify the labeled structures.
```
A. Floor of maxillary sinus
B. Alveolar bone
C. Alveolar crest
D. Lamina dura
E. PDL space
```
40
Identify the labeled structures
```
A. Mental fossa
B. Genial tubercles
C. Lingual foramen
D. Inferior border of mandible
E. Mental ridge
```
41
What does the nasal septum look like on a radiograph?
Vertical radiopaque structure
42
What effect does the tip of the nose, upper lip, and nasolabial fold have on radiographs?
Decreases the density in the areas that they overlap
43
What foramen is surrounded by genial tubercles?
Lingual foramen
44
Mandibular canal extends from ______________ to the ______________ .
Mandibular foramen
| Mental foramen
45
What is the "dense, broad, radiopaque band of bone" that may appear on some radiographs on the mandible?
Inferior border of the mandible
46
What is the radiolucent band with two thin radiopaque lines on the mandible that appears below or superimposed over the apices of the mandibular molars?
Mandibular canal
47
What is the "small, ovoid or round radiolucent area located in the apical region of the mandibular premolars" called?
Mental foramen
48
What is the most coronal portion of alveolar bone found between teeth?
Alveolar crest
49
What is this structure?
Anterior Nasal Spine
50
```
What is this structure?
A. Mental Ridge
B. Mental Fossa
C. Incisive Canal
D. Lingual Foramen
```
Mental Fossa
51
What is the mylohyoid ridge and where can you see it on an x-ray image?
a dense radiopaque band that extends downward and forward from the third molar region at the level of the apices of the posterior teeth
52
What articulates with the zygomatic process of the maxilla?
zygomatic bone
53
Lamina Dura is made up of:
dense cortical bone
54
What is the alveolar crest?
most coronal portion of alveolar bone found between teeth
55
The maxillary sinus can extend into what two structures?
alveolar crest
maxillary tuberosity
(and anteriorly to the canine/incisors area)
56
Mylohyoid line is another name of (external/internal) oblique ridge?
INTERNAL oblique ridge
57
Identify the radiolucent structure circled in red .
Dental follicle space
58
Identify
A (radiopaque)
B (radiopaque)
C (radiopaque)
A - coronoid process of the mandible
B - maxillary tuberosity
C - pterygoid hamulus
59
The Y line of Ennis (inverted Y) is formed by what two radiographic structures?
Lower border of nasal cavity and anterior border of maxillary sinus
60
Is the intermaxillary suture more radiopaque or radiolucent?
Radiolucent
61
List the order of the following tooth structures in order from most radiopaque to most radiolucent:
```
enamel
dentin and cementum
pulp chamber/canals
PDL space
cortical bone (lamina dura)
alveolar bone
```
enamel --> cortical bone --> dentin and cementum --> alveolar bone --> pulp chambers/canals --> PDL space
62
Where is the alveolar crest located?
This bony crest is considered normal when it is 1.5 to 2 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction of the adjacent teeth
63
What is indicated by the red dotted line in this image?
the external oblique ridge
64
Which foramen is easily misdiagnosed in the mandibular premolars area?
mental foramen
65
Which tooth structure is similar in density?
dentin and cementum
66
Which structure is seen as a thin cortical bone protruding through the maxillary sinus that appears as a thin radiopaque line projected on the maxillary sinus?
Bone septa of the maxillary sinus
67
What is the most posterior region of the alveolar process of the maxilla?
Maxillary tuberosity
68
(True/False) If trabeculation is present in a large radiolucent radiographic image, it is most likely considered a lesion.
FALSE. Trabeculation = suggestive of not a lesion
69
Where are interdental nutrient canals most often found?
Anterior mandible
70
Where are genial tubercles found?
Midline inferior to apices of mandibular incisors
71
What is the cause of hypercementosis? When seen radiographically, should this be a concern?
Hypercementosis is a result of hyperactivated cementoblasts. Usually, it does not need management when is local. Management is needed when the issue is caused by a systemic alteration, such as a bone disorder.
72
Where is the PDL space seen radiographically? Will we always see it?
The PDL is seen in the space between the root of the tooth and the lamina dura containing connective tissue fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics. Depending on the projection, it may not always be seen. It is important for the X-ray photons to go parallel to the PDL space in order for it to be seen better.
73
True or False: Change in thickness or widening of the PDL space around the apical space is suggestive of an infection.
True. Another cause of widening in the PDL space is Orthodontic tx or a trauma.
74
What is labeled by the red line?
mental ridge/Linear prominence
75
What foramen is indicated at the red circle?
Lingual Foramen
76
What foramen is indicated at the arrow?
Mental foramen
77
Label the structures of the Maxilla.
Red:
Green:
Yellow:
Red: Zygomatic Process
Green: Zygomatic Bone
Yellow: Maxillary Sinus
78
Identify the following anatomical landmarks on the mandible.
Purple space:
Mint Line:
Pink Space:
Purple space: Submandibular gland fossa
Mint Line: Inferior Border of Mandible
Pink Space: Mandibular Canal
79
Label the following SPACES in the anterior mandible.
Pink:
Yellow:
Pink: Lingual Foramen
Yellow: Mental Fossa
80
If unsure if you are looking at the mental foramen or a periapical lesion, what type of test can you do to confirm?
Pulp vitality test
81
What is the most naturally occurring dense radiopaque structure on X-ray imaging?
Enamel
82
What is labeled in the blue color? And green? And orange?
Blue: Floor of maxillary sinus
Green: Maxillary tuberosity
Orange: Maxillary sinus
83
What is the red arrow pointing to in the image?
Lingual Foramen
84
What are the red arrows pointing to on the image?
Alveolar Crest
85
What are the red arrows pointing to on the image?
Dental Papilla Space
86
How could you tell if radiolucent area in bone is a lesion or not?
By looking at trabeculation in the bone. If bone trabeculae are present, then it is most likely not a lesion.
87
Where could nutrient canals be seen in a PA radiograph?
They can be seen in any PA but easier in mandibular anterior teeth and maxillary posterior (maxillary sinuses) radiographs
88
What landmark is the arrow pointing to?
mental foramen
89
What landmark is the arrow pointing to?
genial tubercles
90
A 'J-shaped' or 'U-shaped' radiopacity located superior to the maxillary first molar is most likely the ____
Zygomatic process of the maxilla
91
True or False: There is clinical significance to the Y line of Ennis (Inverted Y)
False
92
What is indicated by the red line?
Mental ridge
93
What is indicated by the red dotted line?
Intermaxillary fissure
94
What is the name of the radiolucent area located just above the mental ridge?
Mental fossa
95
dental papilla space vs. dental follicle space
dental papilla space = radiolucent region at the apex of teeth in formation
dental follicle space = radiolucent area between the crown of an unerupted tooth and the surrounding bone
96
Radiolucent areas in the maxilla that extend towards the alveolar ridge are referred to as _____ _____ of the maxillary sinus
alveolar extensions
97
Structures that interact less with x-rays, such as soft tissues and air, are (radiolucent/radiopaque), meaning (more/less) photons are absorbed and (more/less) photons reach the sensor.
radiolucent, less, more
98
Structures that interact more with x-rays, such as dental tissues and bone, are (radiolucent/radiopaque), meaning (more/less) photons are absorbed and (more/less) photons reach the sensor.
radiopaque, more, less
99
True or false - enamel makes up the majority of the tooth structure.
False; dentin makes up the majority of the tooth structure
100
Can we see pulp on a radiograph?
no, we can only see the pulp chamber because the pulp is made up of soft tissue
101
What is the lamina dura?
wall of the tooth socket that surrounds the tooth root and is made up of dense cortical bone
102
What is this?
dental follicle space - radiolucent space located between the crown of unerupted tooth and surrounding bone
103
Where can you see the first signs of infection? How will it appear? (radiopaque/radiolucent)
in the PDL space around the apical region, it will appear more radiolucent (widened)
104
What is the name of the superimposition of the floor of the nasal fossa and the anterior border of the maxillary sinus?
Y line of Ennis (inverted Y)
105
True or False: you will ALWAYS see the inferior border of the mandible in radiographs?
FALSE: you will often times see them when the vertical angulation is wrong or the patient has a very tiny mandible
106
What is the radiographic appearance of Genial Tubercles?
Ring-shaped radiopacity in the midline inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors
107
What nerve does the mandibular canal house?
Inferior Alveolar Nerve
108
Identify the letter corresponding with Enamel and Dentin
```
Enamel = A
Dentin = B
```
