Intro

Question 1

INTRO:

gray matter - has what
white - why white
ant/pos horn - above/below, sensory/motor
sym/parasym - purpose, pre vs. postganglionic

spine vs. vertebra
- size, shape, what connects vertebrae + body to TP
- H pillar: has (1) + united by which contains which contains
- conus medullaris: spine level ends (2)
- cauda equina: CNS/PNS, level, where
- foramen magnum > (?) > (2)
- # of spinal nerves + orientation by level

Answer 1

• gray matter: has cell body
• white matter: d/t myelin
• ant horn (below/motor), pos horn (above/sensory)
• sympathetic: fight or flight response; shorter preganglionic
• parasympathetic: conserving energy; shorter postganglionic

SPINE/VERTEBRA
- spine smaller & conical/cyllindrical
- facets connects vertebrae, pedicle connects body to TP
- H-shaped pillar: has antpos gray horns which is united by thin gray commisure which contains central canal which contains CNS
- conus medullaris: spine ends at L1 (L3 pedia)
- cauda equina: PNS, L2, filum terminale
- foramen magnum > conus > filum & denticulate
- 31 spinal nerves; horizontal in cervical then become vertical

Question 2

INTRO: Meninges

layer, strongest, level
spaces (3) + where CNS + why no pia space

dura - # compartments, falx cerebri/cerebelli, tentorium cerebelli boundaries (2) + has (1)

Answer 2

• bone > epidural space > dura (strongest) > subdural space > arachnoid > subarachnoid space (CNS) > pia > spine

dura
- 7 compartments
- falx: separates hemispheres
- tentorium cerebelli: supratentorial (forebrain), infratentorial (hindbrain), has tentorial notch

Question 3

INTRO:

procencephalon = (2) = (3.4)
mesencephalon = (1) = (1)
rhombencephalon = (2) = (2.1)

Answer 3

procencephalon
- telencephalon: cerebrum, hippocampus, basal
- diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal body, infundibulum

mesencephalon =** midbrain**

rhombencephalon
- metencephalon: pons, cerebellum
- myelencephalon: medulla

Question 4

INTRO: Cerebrum

corpus callosum - connect, matter
longitudinal fissure - where (1) is
cortex - inner/outer, matter

gyri - name, what, separated by + for, central sulcus of rolando, lat sulcus of sylvia

basal nuclei - matter
corona radiata - matter, from to

lateral ventricle - where, covered by, connect to (?) + via

Answer 4

• corpus callosum: connect hemispheres, white
• longitudinal fissure: has falx
• cortex: outer, gray
• basal nuclei: white matter containing gray
• corona radiata: white, from cortex to brainstem

lateral ventricle
- under corpus callosum, covered by septum pellucidum
- connect to 3rd ventricle via intraventricular foramen of monroe

gyri/fissure
- folds separated by sulcus (separates hemi into lobe)
- central sulcus of rolando: frontal x parietal
- lat sulcus of sylvia: frontal parietal x temporal

Question 5

INTRO: Diencephalon, Midbrain, Hindbrain

diencephalon
- what/where
- thalamus: receive
- ventral hypothalamus: has (1), forms (2) of (1)
- 3rd ventricle: connect to (2) via (2)

midbrain
- brainstem: CN exit except, origin of

hindbrain
- pons: central depression (for), ant to, connects
- CN exits by level

Answer 5

DIENCEPHALON
- center of forebrain
- thalamus: receive all senses except smell
- ventral hypothalamus: has pituitary gland; forms roof & lateral wall of 3rd ventricle
- 3rd ventricle: connect to lat via monroe, to 4th via sylvian aqueduct

MIDBRAIN
- brainstem: CN exit ant except trochlea, origin of CN nuclei

HINDBRAIN
- pons: has central depression (groove for basilar artery); ant to cerebellum; connects cerebellar hemispheres
- medulla
- CN exits: 3-4 (brainstem), 5-8 (pons), 9-12 (medulla)

Question 6

INTRO: Cerebellum

fossa, pos to (2)

SCP MCP ICP - name, to

(4) shit - matter, which for nucleus interpositus, medlat or latmed

folia - like, separated by

4th ventricle - has + surrounded by (3), level (2), connect sup with what via (2), connect inf with what

Answer 6

• pos cranial fossa
• pos to pons & medulla
• folia: like gyri, separated by sulcus

peduncles
- SCP/brachium conjunctivum: to brainstem
- MCP/B pontis: to pons
- ICP/restiform body: to medulla

4th ventricle
- has CSF, surrounded by pons, medulla, brainstem
- level of pons & medulla
- connect superiorly with central canal via foramen of lushka & magendie
- connect inferiorly with subarachnoid space

dentate emboliform glubose fastigial
- white, lat to med
- nucleus interpositus (E+G)