Intro to cell II

Question 1

Lipid Bilayer PM hydrophobicity

Answer 1

Amphilic=Amphipathic
Hydrohobic lipids in inner
Hydrophilic groups face external

Question 2

Integral membrane proteins

Answer 2

Traverse entire width of cell membrane

Question 3

Peripheral membrane proteins

Answer 3

Attached to extracellular regions of PM noncovalently

Question 4

What happens to proteins when separate lipid bilayer

Answer 4

Integral proteins associate with one leaflet or the other

Question 5

Faces of PM

Answer 5

E and P faces

P face has many more interactions with proteins-actin

Question 6

RBC membrane proteins

Answer 6

Stabilized by spectrin and other cytoskeletal proteins (actin)-why so many proteins are on P face

Question 7

Hereditary spherocytosis

Answer 7

Spherical/less deformable/more susceptible to destruction by phagocytic cells-RBCs-spectrin mutations

-essentially use SPECTRINS to keep membrane shape and ensure no problems with extracellular osmolarity

Question 8

Four types of membrane proteins

Answer 8

Linker/anchor

Transporter

Receptors-signalling

Enzymes

Question 9

Brush border

Answer 9

Microvilli boarder

-example of one of mods PMs can have

Question 10

Cell adherence is possible w/

Answer 10

Junctional complexes

Question 11

Glycocalyx

Answer 11

Fuzzy coat on tips of microvilli

Enteric surface coat

Created from several glycosylated molecules at surface of cell

Glycosylation occurs in RER

Consists of glycolipids, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans

Question 12

What stabilizes microvilli?

Answer 12

Actin-cytoplasm surrounds finger like projection of actin bundle

Question 13

Terminal web

Answer 13

Filamentous complex at top of cells where actin of villi terminate

Question 14

Myosin in microvilli

Answer 14

Move material down microvili

Question 15

Terminal bars

Answer 15

identify locations of junctional complex

Question 16

Microfilaments ar made of…

Answer 16

Actin-extend throughout cell

Question 17

Microtubules

Answer 17

Extend through cytoplasm

Structural bas of centrioles

Form cilia and mitotic spindles

Made of tubulin

Question 18

Grandular vs Agranular reticulum

Answer 18

RER vs SER

Question 19

SEE structure+ function

Answer 19

Consists of expensive array of membrane tubules and enclosed cisterns-no ribosomes

Lipid and steroid biosynthesis+metabolize many substances

Also site of storage for divalent ion calcium-site of many heme linked proteins

Question 20

RER

Answer 20

Cistern=ribsome membrane bounded space

Start in nucleus, go to RER, go to golgi (sorted for final dentition here)

Question 21

rRNA dyeing

Answer 21

bind to costively-charged dyes and produce basophila

Question 22

ER in sec cells

Answer 22

Sec cells can be loaded with RER

Question 23

Golgi faces

Answer 23

Cis-attached to RER

Medial

Trans-Results in secretory vesicles/can also store secretory vesicles

Question 24

How does transport between goggle cisternae occur

Answer 24

vesicle trafficing

Question 25

Constitutive secretion

Answer 25

Contiual secretion of proteins Distinct lack of storage/secretory granules

Question 26

Regulated secretion

Answer 26

Large number s of granules accumulate-many sec vesicles Secretion initiated by external stimuli

Question 27

Early endosome pathway

Answer 27

Coated pit to coated vescile, then bind to cell surface receptor (receptor mediated endocytosis) -fuse with early endosome Clathirin-protein that coats

Question 28

What is an endosome

Answer 28

Endosomes-distinct organelles consisting of vesicles containing material that has entered cell - early endosome-receptors and ligands are separated, and receptors often recycle to surface - nutrients routes to lysoeom via late endosome where nutrients can be released from carrier proteins and made averrable to cell

Question 29

Mitochorndira S+F

Answer 29

Double membrane-inner membrane has cristae -many different shapes depends on cell needs Oxidative phosphorylation to synthesize ATP -Someting to do with cell death

Question 30

Cristae numbers

Answer 30

Depends on energy needs =more energy=more cristae some many not even have cristae

Question 31

Mito DNA makes

Answer 31

most mitorRNA, mito rtRNA hydrophobic subunits of enzymes involve din oxidative phosphorylation Most protein of mito are made by other DNA

Question 32

Lysosomes

Answer 32

Seen by a specific stain Packets of hydrolytic enzymes that become active at acidic pH -sites of intracellular digestion Eat external molecules as well as worn-out intracellular organelles Also can eat entire cells (phagocytosis) Hard to identify

Question 33

Eosinophil

Answer 33

Found in circulating blood and in connective tissue-fight drastic infections -have crystallline inclsions=HAMBURGER!

Question 34

Peroxisomes

Answer 34

Distinct protein complements - specific metabolic functions - inclusions that are not easily seen by immunocytochem - Cryalline core in EM=dense material in matrix