Intro to CNS CADE

Question 1

The CNS consists of the?

Answer 1

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 2

PNS consists of ___ pairs of _____ nerves and ___ pairs of _____ nerves

Answer 2

31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves

Question 3

What are the two enlargements in the spinal cord? Why might this be?

Answer 3

• Cervical Enlargement
• Lumbar Enlargement
• upper limbs (cervical) &lower limbs(lumbar), need more neurons because fine sensation in our limbs than we would in our trunk (thoracic area).

Question 4

Axons are neuron cell processes that ____ _____ to other cells

Neurons are nerve cells specialized for ____ and ____ information to _____ cells

*Dendrites are neuron cell processes that ____ ____

Answer 4

• receiving and transmitting information
• Effector
• *Receive info
• # Send info

Question 5

_____ insulates the axon because why?

Most motor neurons are classified as ______.

Answer 5

• Myelin
• so the electrical signal will not degrade while traveling down the nerve.
• multipolar

Question 6

• Communication between neurons occurs at _____.
• Action potentials can cause release of ________.
• Neurotransmitter function can be____ or _____

Answer 6

synapses

NT

excitatory or inhibitory

Question 7

Glial cells do things like _____ axons with myelin to ensure electrical signal does not degrade over distance and create Bridges between neurons and _____ ______ or the ____ _____ _____.

Answer 7

• insulate
• blood vessels
• BBB

Question 8

Gray matter is mainly what?

GM is used for?

GM can be found in the ____ _____ and groups of cell bodies in CNS called ______.

Answer 8

Neuronal cells bodies

synaptic communication

cerebral cortex

nuclei

Question 9

White matter is mainly made of what?

These will Transmit _____ signals over long distances via _____

These pathways can be named what 5 things for WM?

Answer 9

• thousands of myelinated axons
• electrical
• neural pathways
• Funiculus
• Tract
• Fasciculus
• Lemniscus
• Bundle

Question 10

What are nuclei in the CNS?

Answer 10

discrete clusters of gray matter in the CNS

Question 11

Most of the synaptic communication between neurons occurs where?

Answer 11

Gray Matter

Question 12

Pathways whose origin, course, and target remain on the same side of the CNS are termed ______, while those that cross the midline are termed _______.

Answer 12

• ipsilateral
• contralateral

Question 13

Another type of crossing pathway is a commissure, which connects corresponding regions on each side of _____ or _____ _____.

Answer 13

the brain or spinal cord.

Question 14

Match colors!

Answer 14

• Blue: Telencephalon (forebrain)
• Purple: Diencephalon
• Red:Medulla (foramen magnum)
• Pink: Spinal Cord
• Yellow: Pons
• Black: Cerebellum (metencephalon)
• Green:

Mesencephalon

Midbrain

Question 15

What are these Cuts?

1,2&3?

Answer 15

1. Transverse
2. Coronal
3. Sagittal

Question 16

Pink? Blue? Orange? Green?

Answer 16

P-Occipital Lobe

B- Frontal Lobe

G- Temporal Lobe

O-Pareital

Question 17

The ______ (forebrain) Has numerous crevices called _____ (_____ are the biggest groves)), with bumps or ridges between them called ______

Answer 17

Telencephalon

sulci

fissures

gyri

Question 18

1-5?

Answer 18

1. Midbrain
2. Cerebral peduncle
3. Inter-peduncular fossa
4. Superior colliculus
5. Inferior colliculus

Question 19

1-5 & #5. connects what to what?

Answer 19

1. cranial nerve V
2. Middle Cerebellar peduncle
3. Pons
4. cranial nerve V
5. Middle Cerebellar Peduncle- connects Pons to cerebellum

Question 20

1-5 & what should these words remind you of?

Answer 20

1. Medulla
2. Olive
3. Pyramid
4. Fasciculus cuneatus
5. Fasciculus gracilis
6. Fasciculus=WM

Question 21

1-4

Answer 21

1. Lateral Sulci
2. Anterior Median Fissure
3. Posterioir Median sulcus
4. Posterior Intermediate Sulci

Question 22

The internal structure of the spinal cord is organized into: inner core of _______ containing neuronal cell bodies while interconnecting _____ _____ ____ Form white matter externally.

Answer 22

Gray Matter

nerve fiber tracts

Question 23

______ ______ is largest in the lower cervical and lower lumbar segments while ______ ______ increases at successively higher levels.

Answer 23

Gray Matter

White Metter

Question 24

A discrete group of neuronal cell bodies is termed a ______ in CNS _____ ______ , whereas in the PNS, it is called a _______

Answer 24

Nucleus

Gray Matter

Ganglion

Question 25

1-3

Answer 25

1. Dorsal (posterior) horn 2. Lateral Horn 3. Ventral (anterior) horn

Question 26

White matter of the spinal cord is divided into \_\_\_\_\_\_: 1. 2. 3. These funiculi carry ascending and descending tracts between \_\_\_\_\_\_&\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 26

funiculi 1. •anterior/ventral, 2. •lateral 3. •posterior/dorsal. spinal cord and brain

Question 27

1-2 what tracts do the lateral and vental funiculi have?

Answer 27

1. fasciculus gracilis 2. fasciculus cuneatus lateral-spinothalamic/spinocerebellar/corticospinal ventral-spinothalamic and corticospinal

Question 28

Posterior/dorsal funiculi carry sensory info about ____ \_\_\_\_, _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, & _____ \_\_\_\_\_; it is only \_\_\_\_\_ The 2 posterior/dorsal columns are what and what do they involve (roughly)?

Answer 28

position sense, vibratory sense and fine touch; only sensory ## Footnote * fasciculus gracilis (legs+up) * fasciculus cuneatus (arms+up)

Question 29

Lateral funiculi carry\_\_\_\_\_ & _____ tracts (like two chords going opp. Directions) The sensory info goes to _______ via the _________ tracts for balance and to the _______ via the _______ tract for pain and temp. The motor output goes from brain to skeletal muscles of limbs via the ____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 29

sensory and motor cerebellum spinocerebellar thalamus lateral spinothalamic tracts lateral cortico-spinal tract

Question 30

The Anterior/\_\_\_\_\_ funiculi sends sensory info to the ______ via the _____ for crude touch. Motor output from brain goes to \_\_\_\_\_\_of trunk via the _____ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 30

ventral thalamus anterior spinothalamic tract skeletal muscles ant. corticospinal tract

Question 31

Fit the description with Thoracic, cervical, or lumbar spinal cord: 1. wide and squashed looking, lots of white matter, ventral horn enlargement, fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus. 2. round looking, little white matter, ventral horn enlargement, fasciculus gracilis. 3. round looking, lots of white matter, little gray matter, lateral horn (intermediolateral nucleus)

Answer 31

1. Cervical 2. Lumbar 3. Thoracic

Question 32

The ____ is enclosed in several protective layers that support it and cushion it from trauma. label them:

Answer 32

* CNS * Dura Mater- "tough mother" * Arachnoid Mater "spider like * Pia Mater- "delicate mother" * \*Bone surrounds the outside (skull/vetebra)

Question 33

The _____ \_\_\_\_\_ is between the arachnoid mater and pia mater; it is a ____ space in the CNS and has _____ \_\_\_\_\_ _____ circulating within it.

Answer 33

subarachnoid space true CSF

Question 34

The Epidural space is between the ____ and ____ \_\_\_\_, it is a ___ space and potential site for \_\_\_\_\_\_. The Subdural space is between the ____ \_\_\_\_ and ____ \_\_\_, it is a ____ space, and potential site for hematoma aswell.

Answer 34

Bone and dura mater potential hematoma Dura mater & arachnoid mater potential

Question 35

CSF is a clear colorless liquid that fills and surrounds the CNS to bathes brain and spinal cord; it is important in \_\_\_\_&\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_, and to act as a \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 35

* Nutrient and waste exchange * Cushion for CNS

Question 36

CSF circulates in the ___ \_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_. CSF is made continuously by specialized vascular structure called the _____ \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 36

- subarachnoid space - ventricles - choroid plexus

Question 37

Label the following: Navy Green Purple Pink Light Blue Red

Answer 37

N-Subarachnoid space G-2 lateral ventricles Purp-Midline Third Ventricle Pink- Choroid Plexus Light Blue- 4th Ventricle R-Central canal of Spinal cord

Question 38

The _____ \_\_\_\_\_ of _____ acts as a door way from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle, then the ____ \_\_\_\_ allows CSF to move from 3rd to 4th ventricles. The 2 ____ \_\_\_\_\_ of _____ and, further down, the _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_ of ______ allow CSF to flow into the subarachnoid space.

Answer 38

* interventricular foramen of Monro * Cerebral aqueduct * the 2 Lateral apertures (of Luschka) * Median aperture (of Magendie

Question 39

From the subarachnoid space, CSF is reabsorbed into the\_\_\_ ____ through ____ \_\_\_\_ valves formed by the arachnoid mater called _____ \_\_\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_; these act as lil _____ to recirculate blood

Answer 39

* venous blood * one way * arachnoid villi/granulations * filters

Question 40

Hydrocephalus occurs when what happens?

Answer 40

Hydrocephalus occurs when too much CSF occupies the subarachnoid space

Question 41

Anterior/ventral horn nuclei are organized medial to lateral AND anterior to posterior; the Medial nuclei supply muscles of \_\_\_\_\_, while lateral nuclei supply muscles of \_\_\_\_\_. Neurons supplying flexor muscles are\_\_\_\_\_ to those supplying extensors

Answer 41

trunk limbs posterior