Intro to Exposure & Technique

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

anything that occupies space, has form and shape, can change from 1 shape or size or form, to another

Question 2

energy

Answer 2

the ability to do work, can also change forms, , many different types

Question 3

7 types of energy

Answer 3

potential, kinetic, thermal, chemical, electrical, nuclear, electromagnetic

Question 4

radiation

Answer 4

energy that is emitted and transferred through matter

Question 5

exposed/ irradiated energy

Answer 5

matter that intercepts/ absorbs radiation

Question 6

ionization radiation

Answer 6

a special type of radiation, has the ability to change atomic structure

Question 7

ion pair

Answer 7

the atom involved and the electron removed

Question 8

2 sources of ionization radiation

Answer 8

natural background, man-made

Question 9

3 natural background radiation

Answer 9

cosmic, terrestrial, internal

Question 10

2 types of man-made radiation

Answer 10

medical and dental x-ray

Question 11

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

Answer 11

• discovered x-rays using Crook’s tube on 11-8- 1895
• received Nobel Prize in physics in 1901

Question 12

2 types of x-ray procedures

Answer 12

radiographic, fluoroscopic

Question 13

radiographic x-rays

Answer 13

fixed/ stationary image, typically uses film and x-ray tube (35 mm camera)

Question 14

fluoroscopic x-rays

Answer 14

dynamic image, shows motion of part or contrast (camcorder)

Question 15

Michael Pupin

Answer 15

developed intensifying screens in 1896

Question 16

Thomas Edison

Answer 16

developed fluoroscope in 1898

Question 17

William Coolidge

Answer 17

developed the hot cathode tube in 1913

Question 18

Dr. William Rollins

Answer 18

developed collimation and filtration

Question 19

Gustav Bucky

Answer 19

developed the radiographic grid (increased image quality) in 1913

Question 20

Hollis Potter

Answer 20

developed the bucky tray in 1921

Question 21

Clarence Daly

Answer 21

first US radiation injury/ fatality (1904)

Question 22

radiation injuries

Answer 22

usually in the form of hair loss, skin damage, anemia, blood disorders

Question 23

6 physical ways to protect oneself from radiation exposure

Answer 23

filtration, collimation, intensifying screens, protective apparel, gonadal shielding, protective barriers

Question 24

filtration

Answer 24

aluminum inserted into tube head to remove very low energy photons

Question 25

collimation

Answer 25

restricts the size of the beam to area of interest only

Question 26

intensifying screens

Answer 26

changes x-ray to light to make image

Question 27

protective apparel

Answer 27

lead aprons and gloves for employees

Question 28

gonadal shielding

Answer 28

lead cover for patient

Question 29

protective barriers

Answer 29

walls, doors, windows of x-ray rooms

Question 30

3 cardinal rules of protection

Answer 30

time, distance, shielding

Question 31

time

Answer 31

half the time = half the exposure

Question 32

distance

Answer 32

double the distance = 1/4 of the exposure

Question 33

shielding

Answer 33

protective apparel when in the room

Question 34

4 traditional and system international (SI) measurements

Answer 34

Roentgen (Coulombs/kg), Rad (Gray), Rem (Seivert), Curie (Becquerel)

Question 35

Roentgen

Answer 35

(Coulombs/kg) - exposure, # of photons

Question 36

Rad

Answer 36

(Gray) - energy transfer from photon to absorber

Question 37

Rem

Answer 37

(Seivert) - biological damage

Question 38

Curie

Answer 38

(Becquerel) - quantity of radioactive material, # of atoms - Nuclear medicine uses this

Question 39

electron volt

Answer 39

energy gained by 1 electron as it passes through a potential difference of 1 volt (KPE = KEV)