Intro to Genetic Technologies Flashcards

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1
Q

Reasons genetic technologies are used

A
  • Predict inheritance patterns to prevent disease
  • Forensic sciences
  • To make super-crops and super-livestock
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2
Q

Examples of forensic sciences

A
  • Fingerprinting
  • Paternity testing
  • Crime scene investigation
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3
Q

What is recombinant DNA?

A
  • Most common form of DNA manipulation
  • Joining or recombining of gene material from 2 different sources
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4
Q

To recombine DNA…

A
  • You need to be able to cut and paste DNA
  • Several types of enzymes are used
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5
Q

Restriction Endonucleases Simple Definition

A

DNA “scissors”

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6
Q

Restriction Endonucleases Complex Definition

A
  • Cut the double stranded DNA into fragments at specific recognition sites, usually a few base pairs long
  • Also called restriction enzymes
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7
Q

Sticky End

A
  • Cut sites are not directly across from each other
  • Cuts produce single stranded “tails” of DNA
  • Easy to rejoin complementary sticky ends
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8
Q

Blunt End

A
  • Cut sites are directly across from each other
  • Do not produce single stranded “tails” of DNA
  • Complementarity is not required, they join with any other blunt end
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9
Q

Methylates Simple Definition

A
  • DNA “protectors”
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10
Q

Methylates Complex Definition

A
  • They add a methyl group (CH3) to one of the nucleotides found in a restriction site
  • Act like a molecular ‘road-block’
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11
Q

DNA Ligases Simple Definition

A

DNA “glue”

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12
Q

DNA Ligases Complex Definition

A
  • Joins complementary bases with hydrogen bonds
  • Forms phosphodiester bonds
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13
Q

DNA polymerase Simple Definition

A

DNA Builder

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14
Q

DNA polymerase Complex Definition

A
  • Used to copy DNA
  • Requires a primer to begin synthesis
  • Can be used in PCR
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15
Q

RNA Polymerase Simple Definition

A

RNA Builders

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16
Q

RNA Polymerase Complex Definition

A
  • Read the DNA and synthesize complementary RNA
  • No primer required
17
Q

Reverse Transcriptase Simple Definition

A

DNA from RNA builder

18
Q

Reverse Transcriptase Complex Definition

A

Reads RNA and synthesizes complementary DNA (cDNA)

19
Q

Vector

A

Any vehicle that carries DNA into host cells such as viruses or plasmids

20
Q

Plasmids

A
  • Small circular pieces of DNA that can enter and exit bacterial cells
21
Q

What do plasmids have the ability to do?

A

To enter and replicate bacterial cells and act as vectors

22
Q

What do plasmids contain?

A

Convenient restriction endonuclease