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Neuro Exam 1 > Intro to Nervous System > Flashcards

Intro to Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

cranial nerves

A

from brain

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2
Q

spinal nerves

A

from spinal cord

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3
Q

divisions of brain

A

cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem

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4
Q

divisions of spinal cord

A

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral

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5
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

neuron

A

structural unit of NS

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7
Q

functional unit of NS

A

reflex arc

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8
Q

parts of neuron

A

soma - cell body
dendrites
axon - conductive zone
presynaptic terminal

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9
Q

receptive zone

A

soma and dendrites of neuron

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10
Q

conductive zone

A

axon

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11
Q

output zone

A

presynaptic terminal

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12
Q

multipolar

A

multiple processes arising from soma

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13
Q

bipolar

A

two processes arising from soma

typically special sensory neurons

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14
Q

unipolar neurons

A

typically in invertebrates

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15
Q

pseudounipolar neurons

A

primary afferents

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16
Q

classification of neurons by function

A

sensory
motor
interneurons

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17
Q

gray matter

A

in CNS - most of cell bodies

most in cerebral cortex

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18
Q

column

A

of cell bodies

in spinal cord (all ze horns)

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19
Q

white matter

A

typically cell processes

-bc of myelin sheath

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20
Q

tracts

A

axons - white matter

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21
Q

schwann cells

A

glial cells in the PNS

metabolic support and electrical insulation

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22
Q

PNS neurons

A

not always myelinated

-but do all have schwann cells

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23
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

collection of ion channels

myelin not continuous
-allows fast conduction

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24
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

glial cells in CNS

myelinate several axons**

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25
Q

astrocytes

A

aka star cells

support glial cells in CNS

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26
Q

function of astrocytes

A

have end feet that surround blood vessels of CNS

set up blood brain barrier
also regulate ions
forms scars

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27
Q

ependymal cells

A

glial cells in CNS

line the ventricles

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28
Q

microglia

A

“WBCs of CNS”

cleaners - phagocytose

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29
Q

sagittal

A

divides into left and right

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30
Q

midsagittal

A

right on midline

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31
Q

parasagittal

A

beside the mindline

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32
Q

coronal

A

divide to anterior and posterior

aka frontal plane or cross section

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33
Q

horizontal

A

divides to superior and inferior

top and bottom

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34
Q

cephalic flexure

A

nervous system flops forward and changes rostral/caudal directionality

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35
Q

cross section in spinal cord

A

divides to superior/inferior

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36
Q

medulla

A

vital reflexes

37
Q

pons

A

gatekeeper to cerebellum

38
Q

peduncles

A

huge fiber bundles that carry info in and out of cerebellum

39
Q

tegmentum

A

subdivision of pons

floor of fourth ventricle

40
Q

midbrain

A

vital reflexes

cerebral peduncles

41
Q

tectum

A

roof of midbrain

42
Q

superior and inferior colliculi

A

also in midbrain

43
Q

subdivisions of diencephalon

A

hypothalamus and thalamus

44
Q

all sensory information relayed to

A

through thalamus to the cerebral cortex

45
Q

lateral borders of 3rd ventricle

A

thalamus

46
Q

primary function of thalamus

A

relay sensory info from body, head, neck to cerebral cortex

47
Q

hypothalamus

A

floor of 3rd ventricle

48
Q

infundibulum

A

stalk from hypothalamus to pituitary

49
Q

mammillary bodies

A

in hypothalamus

50
Q

master regulator of ANS

A

hypothalamus

51
Q

frontal lobe

A

central sulcus to occipital pole

regulates voluntary motor activity

52
Q

composition of frontal lobe

A

superior middle inferior gyri
precentral gyrus
gyrus rectus - near eyes

53
Q

primary functions of frontal lobe

A

primary motor cortex
premotor and supplementary motor cortices
brocas area
prefrontal cortex

54
Q

brocas area

A

in frontal lobe
specific mostly to left hemisphere
functions in motor speech

55
Q

lesion to brocas area

A

non-fluent aphasia

broken up and parsed out words

56
Q

parietal lobe

A

central sulcus to occipital lobe

superior and inferior parietal lobules

57
Q

inferior parietal lobule

A

composed of supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus

58
Q

wernickes area

A

supramarginal and angular gyri

responsible for speech comprehension

59
Q

primary functions of parietal lobe

A

primary somatosensory cortex

-initial processing of tactile and proprioceptive information

60
Q

voluntary muscle control

A

originate in cortex

61
Q

temporal lobe

A

superior, middle, inferior gyri

62
Q

primary function of temporal lobe

A

primary auditory cortex

-consciously aware of auditory info

63
Q

wernickes area

A

in superior portion of temporal lobe as well

64
Q

higher order visual processing

A

temporal lobe

ex/ facial recognition

65
Q

learning and memory

A

temporal lobe

66
Q

occipital lobe

A

superior - cuneus

inferior - lingual gyrus

67
Q

lingual gyrus

A

inferior portion of occipital lobe

68
Q

function of occipital lobe

A

primary visual cortex

69
Q

limbic lobe

A

cingulate gyrus

parahippocampal gyrus

70
Q

primary function of limbic lobe

A

emotional response
drive related behavior
memory

71
Q

cerebellum

A

“little brain”
does not act in conscious awareness
-we are not aware of it

72
Q

structure of cerebellum

A

vermis

2 lateral hemispheres

73
Q

primary functions of cerebellum

A

coordination

-adjust a voluntary motor action

74
Q

primary afferent neurons

A

convey sensory info to CNS from periphery

cell bodies in ganglion

75
Q

divergence of primary afferents

A

to cortex via thalamus
stay local for reflexes
to cerebellum

76
Q

lower motor neurons

A

info from CNS

final common pathway**

cell body in CNS

do not decussate

77
Q

contralateral control

A

left cortex to right side of body

78
Q

upper motor neurons

A

any neuron fro cerebral cortex or brainstem that affects a LMN

decussate

79
Q

primary motor cortex

A

somatotopically arranged

legs medial
face lateral

80
Q

big voluntary pathway

A

corticospinal tract

81
Q

cerebellum

A

info from ipsilateral side
involved in coordination of ipsilatearl side

rate, range, and force comparision as you perform an action

82
Q

audition

A

bilateral

83
Q

olfaction

A

ipsilateral

84
Q

gustation

A

ipsilateral

85
Q

some visceral

A

ipsilateral sensory

86
Q

vestibulospinal tract

A

ipsilateral and bilateral motor

87
Q

tectospinal tract

A

bilateral motor

88
Q

reticulospinal tract

A

ipsilateral and bilateral motor

89
Q

reticular formation

A

loose aggregat of cell bodies throughout brainstem

Neuro Exam 1 (17 decks)

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