Intro to Physical Exam/Instruments Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Intro to Physical Exam/Instruments Deck (26)
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1
Q

Before you walk in the room…

A

Sanitize your hands

2
Q

Universal Precautions

A

-set by CDC to protect patients and providers from infectious disease

3
Q

Standard Precautions for all patient care

A
  1. Perform Hand Hygiene
  2. Use personal protective equipment (PPE) if possible exposure to infectious
    material
  3. Follow respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette principles
  4. Ensure appropriate patient placement/isolation
  5. Properly handle, clean, and disinfect patient care equipment and instruments
  6. Follow safe injection practices – Face shield for LPs.
  7. Proper handling of needles and sharps
4
Q

Hand Hygiene

A

-wash hands for at least 20 seconds (ABCs)

5
Q

Patient terms for Inspection, Auscultation, Palpation, Olfaction, and Percussion

A

• Inspection (Look)
• Auscultation (Listen)
• Palpation (Touch)
• Olfaction (Smell)
• Percussion – Tap over an area to differentiate air,
fluid, or solid underneath the surface of the area examined.

6
Q

General Survey

A
*Apparent State of Health
– General judgement Level of Consciousness
– Awake, alert, and responsive to you.
*Level of Consciousness
– Awake, alert, and responsive to you.
*Signs of Distress
– Cardiac or Respiratory Distress
– Pain
– Anxiety or Depression
Etc.
7
Q

Supine

A

lie on your back

8
Q

Prone

A

lie on your stomach

9
Q

Lateral Recumbent

A

lie on your side

10
Q

Ophthalmoscope

A

To visualize inner aspect of eye— retina, vascular supply, optic nerve, etc.

11
Q

Otoscope

A

To visualize the inner ear

12
Q

Tuning Fork

A
  1. Hearing Evaluation
    a. Air conduction
    • Lasts longer than bone conduction
    • Hold fork in front of external
    auditory meatus
    b. Bone conduction
    • Hold handle on boney area behind ear
  2. Vibratory Sense
    •Place handle on patella
    •Compare left and right for duration
13
Q

Reflex

A

Reflex is an involuntary response.

14
Q

Reflex Tendon

A

Elicits a reflex

15
Q

Upper Extremity Deep Tendon Response

A
  • Biceps (hammer strikes your thumb)
  • Triceps (hammer strikes ligament)
  • Brachioradialis (hammer strikes ligament
16
Q

Lower Extremity Deep Tendon Response

A
  • Patellar Reflex

* Achilles Reflex

17
Q

Stethescope

A
  • Bell for low pitched sounds (bruits)

* Diaphragm for high pitched sounds (breath sounds and heart tones)

18
Q

Sphygmomanometers

A

• There are three types of sphygmomanometers used to measure blood pressure: mercury, aneroid, and digital.

19
Q

Vial Signs

A
  • Blood Pressure
  • Pulse
  • Respiratory Rate
  • Temperature
  • Pain (sometimes considered the 5th vital sign)
20
Q

Blood Pressure Measurement

A
  • Cuff selection
  • Palpate brachial artery and appropriate cuff placement -Arm supported at heart level
  • Pump up to 180
  • Repeat BP measurement with auscultation
  • Verbalize results.
21
Q

How BP works

A
  • Air in the bladder compresses the artery stopping blood flow
  • As the cuff deflates, circulation starts moving through the artery – turbulent flow which is audible.
  • First sound is systolic BP
  • Diastolic BP is when the sound stops
22
Q

Ausculatory Gap

A
  • Period of diminished or absent Korotkoff sounds during the manual measurement of blood pressure.
  • The improper interpretation leads to blood pressure monitoring errors
23
Q

Pulse Locations

A
  • Radial artery (MC)
  • Dorsalis pedis artery
  • Carotid artery
  • Brachial artery
  • Abdominal aorta
  • Femoral artery
  • Popliteal artery
24
Q

Normal Temperature

A

97.8-99 degree F

25
Q

Temperature can be measured…

A

orally, rectally, axillary, ear, and skin

26
Q

Osteopathic Structural Exam

A

TART