Intro to Psych Exam #3 Flashcards

Question

factor analysis

Answer 1

identify clusters that tend to cluster together -morning approach (class activity) Eysenck's ideas fall under this

Answer 2

has questions to weed out people trying to perform well/poorly tests for personality issues depression, psychopathic deviancy

Answer 3

``` what are they -conscientiousness --high level: self-discipline, organized --low level: scattered, less organized -agreeableness --high: helpful, work out conflicts -neuroticism (emotional stability) --high: anxious, emotionally unstable -openness to experience --high: like trying new things, less fundamental in faith, flexible, nonconformity, variety -extroversion --high: drawing energy from others, sociability stability -less extroverted with age -more agreeable and conscientious -less neurotic -less open ```

Answer 4

does drinking caffeine change personality? -negatively affected introverts -positively affected extroverts teachers told certain kids were bloomers (no proof of this) -children who teacher thought were bloomers did blood men showed picture of attractive or unattractive female prior to talking to a woman on the phone -after the conversation they rated each other's personalities -for attractive, man labeled her warm, funny, humorous --if less attractive, he did not report these things -if he was shown more attractive picture, the woman was more poised riot -act differently in a riot (mob mentality)

Answer 5

``` Bandura reciprocal influences external vs internal locus of control self-control: marshmallow study learned helplessness spotlight effect self-serving bias ```

Answer 6

observation and imitation | -Bobo doll

Answer 7

reciprocal causation model 3 factors -internal personal factors (thoughts and feelings about risky activities -behavior (learning to rock climb) -environmental factors (rock-climbing friends) any one of these factors can start the process

Answer 8

our perception of where the seed of power is -how much we feel we can control upper-middle class believes they have more control of life compared to lower socioeconomic status -you will judge others based on your perception internal locus of control -we have the power to change our lives -less likely to be obese, have hypertension, or be stressed for personality development it is necessary to have a certain feeling of control

Answer 9

overcontrolling overconfidence guilt over something you couldn't control more likely to survive from life-threatening illness

Answer 10

force outside of ourselves controls our fate may lose initiative more anxiety about future

Answer 11

marshmallow study - show child a marshmallow - tell them if they eat it now they don't get more, but if they wait they get more - kids who resisted the temptation had more academic and social success

Answer 12

the dog study -shocked dogs --half had a way out, half didn't -next time the dogs were shocked --the ones with a way out the first time looked for a way out --the ones without an escape didn't look for a way out uncontrollable bad events --> perceived lack of control --> generalized helpless behavior

Answer 13

we think more people notice us than actually do ex. -girl had to wear Barry Manilow shirt -asked to rate how many people she thought noticed her -only 23% of the people you think will notice actually do

Answer 14

we rate our skills and abilities higher than they actually are you boss rarely rates your job performance higher than you do

Answer 15

attribution -a conclusion about the cause of an observed behavior/event situational -we attribute the cause to external influences -we see ourselves through this view dispositional -attribute the cause to the disposition (personality) of the person -we see others through this view

Answer 16

we think a behavior demonstrates a train in other we tend to overemphasize dispositional attribution and underemphasize situational attribution example -took women at a college and told them to act friendly to one group and unfriendly to another -asked students to rate her -told students if she was told to act friendly/unfriendly -didn't change their rating of her -Stanford prison

Answer 17

created a prison in basement -3 cells and 1 solitary confinement security guards were made to be in position of power prisoners blindfolded, brought to cells, and declothed study shows that power corrupts and that people have difficulty standing up for themselves prisoners felt shame guards felt guilt situations can change your behavior remember -we are all playing a role -when in a role, you are more likely to adopt the behavior associated with that roll -an evil place won over the good people

Answer 18

``` wanted to differentiate between dispositional and situational, but instead determined that is was the system evil -ask WHAT is responsible, not WHO transformation of human character -dispositional (bad apples) -situational (bad barrel) -system (must change to affect the situation the Lucifer effect Millipede experiment - Stanley Milgram -all evil starts with 15V heroism is the antidote to evil persence of mirror increases personal accountability ```

Answer 19

easier to change thinking (attitude) than behavior (action) | if children participate in pro-social activities early in life, it is more likely they will believe that is good

Answer 20

external influences are minimal the attitude is stable the attitude is specific tot he behavior the attitude is easily recalled example -attidute: I feel like skipping class --there are no friends or teachers telling me not to -I've enjoyed skipping class for quite a while -it's so easy to skip -last time I skipped, I remember what I did instead

Answer 21

foot-in-the-door phenomenon role playing cognitive dissonance

Answer 22

a small request leads to a bigger one -open door enough to pass clipboard through -tendency to agree to a large request after agreeing to a small one example -Patty Hearst --kidnapped by army and asked to do small tasks --escalated until she robbed a bank with the army -if you agree to buy a car (in writing) at a certain price, you are more likely to buy the car if price goes up

Answer 23

fake it until you make it "I'm gonna be a bad prisoner" Heath Ledger -was becoming disturbed by the attitudes he had adopted during his role as the Joker arranged marriages have higher marital satisfaction than traditional

Answer 24

when you say you value something but contradict it with your actions it doesn't feel right when our attitudes and actions are opposite when we have this dissonance we have to resolve it

Answer 25

``` began with foot in the door -become Naxi soldier, begin to help out role playing -wear a uniform cognitive dissonance -I don't believe in hurting people, but I am ```

Answer 26

``` adjusting our behavior to fit with a group standard not necessarily bad also about mimicking -begin to laugh like a friend -allows us to connect with people -makes us more altruistic --more likely to help others ```

Answer 27

we try not to report suicides because of the contagion effect -rates go up

Answer 28

Asch experiment -group asked which line lengths are similar -actors give wrong answer -subject eventually conforms to the wrong answer you have to compromise to have friends

Answer 29

not only do birds of a feather flock together, but if we flock together, we might choose to wear the same feathers more likely to mimic if you don't have a committed value that opposes the other person more likely to mimic in a medium (3+ people) group than a large group -answer may go unnoticed in a large group example -smelling ammonium elevator experiment -turn around in elevator

Answer 30

assigned to teacher or learner be able to hear learner but can't see them person giving instructions was wearing a white coat 2/3 go all the way people will follow rebellion just like they follow obedience

Answer 31

who gave the orders -if we view someone as having legitimate authority, we ar emore likely to follow orders -if from a prestigious institution -proximity matters when the "learner/victim" is in another room when other participants obey and/or no one disobeys (no role model for defiance)

Answer 32

may be in the situation

Answer 33

unselfish regard for the welfare of other people bystander intervention -attention (notice incident) -appraisal (interpret incident as emergency) -social --ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY -taking action by and large people don't help, but for those who do it's hard to unerstand why

Answer 34

tell the person you like that you like them and they are more likely to like you back the more you are around them, the more they will like you

Answer 35

patterns of thoughts, feelings, or actions that are deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional

Answer 36

deviates from the norm how do we decide what the norm is -as a culture we do -homosexuality used to be considered a disorder

Answer 37

causes the person distress not in every disorder -person with an anti-social disorder

Answer 38

causes problems in functioning - excess/reduced sleep - over/undereat

Answer 39

labels are powerful and leave false impression is everything pathological? continuum -compared to categorical

Answer 40

``` 1 in 100 people will experience symptoms in their life typically begins in adulthood -many display signs in adolescence psychosis -refers to a mental split from reality and rationality causes/onset -women develop later than men -still looking for precursons ```

Answer 41

``` positive -extra feelings or sensations -delusions -hallucinations negative -lack of behaviors or feelings -apathy -lack of interest ```

Answer 42

dissociation: separation of conscious awareness number of identities -around 15 identities (min 2-3) evidence to support its exestence: brain waves, handedness (can switch dominant hands w/ different personalities) causes -trauma at a young age (response to fleeing physical and psychological abuse) real -decreased activity in hippocampus -inability to express emotions -upheld in courts person has multiple personalities begin in early childhood begins as a response to fleeing physical or psychological abuse

Answer 43

``` causes unusual shift in a person't mood that affects their ability to function manic period -on top of the world other period -depressed usually shift between the two at 2 week intervals rapid cycling -switch between the two quickly hypomanic: "summer," high on life ```

Answer 44

universal feelings that can be made true for everyone such as horoscopes and fortune cookies

Intro to Psych Exam #3 Flashcards

(68 cards)