Intro to Rad Science

Question 1

What is an attempt to simplify concepts and formulas, to economize explanation; the philosophy that simple explanations are more likely to be true than elaborate, complex ones?

Answer 1

Parsimony

Question 2

What is the requirement that proofs/experiments can be duplicated by different people at different times and in different locations with precisely the same results?

Answer 2

Reproducibility

Question 3

What is the requirement that any theory or hypothesis can logically and logistically be proven false. Anything that cannot be proven false is not science, but belongs in another realm of human experience?

Answer 3

Falsifiability

Question 4

What is the requirement that experiments and their results can be directly observed with the human senses?

Answer 4

Observation

Question 5

What is the requirement that results can be quantified mathematically and measured?

Answer 5

Measurability

Question 6

What is the strongest aspect of the scientific method when used correctly?

Answer 6

it is self correcting

Question 7

Why is radiography primarily a science?

Answer 7

Because the radiographic image contains a quantifiable amount of diagnostically useful details and a measurable amount of information

Question 8

What are the 4 standards of practice for all radiographers?

Answer 8

1. Common sense
2. Sound judgement
3. Logical consistency
4. Objective knowledge

Question 9

In 1896 Becquerel discovered 3 types of natural radioactivity…Name them.

Answer 9

Alpha and beta particles and gamma rays

Question 10

Who invented the first fluoroscope?

Answer 10

Thomas Edison

Question 11

What does an image intensifier do?

Answer 11

converts incident x-rays into an electron beam, it can then be sped up by using electrically charged plates. Once the accelerated electrons strike the screen at the top of the tube, the brightness is increased significantly and the fluoro technique is greatly reduced.

Question 12

What are the broadly divided 3 types of Radiation:

Answer 12

• Particles
• Waves on a medium
• Electromagnetic waves

Question 13

What is an example of a radiation particle?

Answer 13

alpha and beta particles

Question 14

What is an example of a wave in a medium?

Answer 14

Sounds

Question 15

What is one example of an electromagnetic wave?

Answer 15

The pulling force of a magnet

Question 16

Where does 3/4ths of all radiation we receive come from?

Answer 16

Nature

Question 17

Radiation must be capable of what in order to be particularly harmful?

Answer 17

ionizing atoms

Question 18

What does PACS stand for?

Answer 18

Picture Archiving and Communication Systems

Question 19

How many protons and neutrons does an alpha particle have?

Answer 19

2 protons

2 neutrons

Question 20

What form of energy are alpha and beta poarticles?

Answer 20

kinetic energy

Question 21

What are the 8 types of electromagnetic energy?

Answer 21

Visible light
Infrared light
Ultraviolet light
Microwaves
Radio waves 
X-rays
Gamma rays
Cosmic rays

Question 22

What is ionization?

Answer 22

The ejection of an electron from an atom

Question 23

What gas accounts for more than 2/3rds of all natural radiation exposure to the human population?

Answer 23

Radon gas

Question 24

Give examples of household items that expose us to radiation:

Answer 24

Television
Smoke detectors
Glossy magazines

Question 25

What is the main advantage of all digital imaging?

Answer 25

Post processing... Contrast, density, and brightness can be manipulated without having to repeat exposures

Question 26

What is radiation is its broadest sense?

Answer 26

It is anything which transfers energy through space from one point to another.

Question 27

What is energy?

Answer 27

Anything emitted and transferred through matter

Question 28

What is capable of removing an orbital electron from an atom with which it interacts?

Answer 28

Ionizing radiation

Question 29

The orbital electron (negative ion) and the atom (positive ion) from which it comes from form a what?

Answer 29

Ion pair

Question 30

What are two forms of electromagnetic radiation?

Answer 30

Gamma and x rays

Question 31

What are two forms of particulate radiation?

Answer 31

Alpha and beta

Question 32

Radiation received constantly from the earth, sun, starts, buildings and our own bodies is which type of radiation?

Answer 32

Natural background radiation

Question 33

What is the average natural background radiation received per year?

Answer 33

300mR ranges between 100-500mR

Question 34

What are examples of cosmic radiation?

Answer 34

Sun, stars and space

Question 35

Where does terrestrial radiation come from?

Answer 35

The earth

Question 36

Where does internal radiation come from?

Answer 36

Our bodies

Question 37

What are some examples of man made background sources of radiation?

Answer 37

Consumer products, technology, waste, building materials

Question 38

This is a natural by product of transmutation in the decay of uranium and is a dangerous alpha emitter.

Answer 38

Radon gas

Question 39

What are some man made background sources of radiation in the medical field?

Answer 39

Dental and diagnostic X-rays, nuclear medicine, radiation therapy, ct scans, bone density ometry

Question 40

What is the negligible individual dose limit?

Answer 40

1mrem

Question 41

What is the annual limit dose to the public?

Answer 41

100mrem

Question 42

What does NCRP stand for?

Answer 42

National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements