Intro to the Cardiovascular system in health and disease (CVS1)

Question 1

components of CVS (cardiovascular system)

Answer 1

heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins

Question 2

role of heart in CVS

Answer 2

the pump, cardiac output must match needs

Question 3

role of arteries in CVS

Answer 3

passageways of blood from heart to tissues. pressure must be maintained but not too high

Question 4

arterioles

Answer 4

major resistance vessels

Question 5

role of capillaries

Answer 5

site of exchange of gas, nutrients and water between blood and tissues

Question 6

role of veins

Answer 6

capacitance vessels (contain most of blood volume during rest); passageways of blood from tissues to heart. venous return must provide heart with sufficient blood to pump

Question 7

e.g’s of diseases of the CVS

Answer 7

arterial disease, venous disease, structural abnormalities of the heart, infections

Question 8

arterial disease

Answer 8

e.g. high blood pressure, coronary/ischaemic heart disease (including heart attacks), stoke, peripheral arterial disease.

Question 9

venous disease

Answer 9

e.g. deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

Question 10

structural abnormalities of the heart

Answer 10

caused by e.g. ischaemic heart disease, diseases of the heart valves, diseases of the cardiac muscle itself

Question 11

infections of the heart

Answer 11

infective endocarditis (usually affect damaged heart valves), pericarditis, myocarditis

Question 12

two types of risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Answer 12

modifiable and non modifiable

Question 13

modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Answer 13

• high blood pressure
• dyslipidaemia (disorder of lipoprotein metabolism, including lipoprotein overproduction or deficiency)
• smoking
• diabetes mellitus
• obesity
• dietary factors
• thrombogenic factors(Causing or resulting in thrombosis or coagulation of the blood)
• lack of exercise
• excess alcohol consumption
• stress (?)

Question 14

non modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Answer 14

• genetic factors
• age
• gender

Question 15

clinical effects of arterial disease (and component of CVS that it effects)

Answer 15

• strokes (cerebral/carotid arteries)
• ischaemic heart disease(coronary arteries)
• claudication(cramping of legs) and gangrene (femoral/lower limb arteries)
• renal failure and hypertension (renal arteries)

Question 16

symptoms of cardiovascular disease

Answer 16

• no symptoms
• sudden death
• chest pain
• shortness of breath
• palpitations
• loss of consciousness
• collapse
• swollen lower limbs
• leg pain

Question 17

commonest cause of death below the age of 75 years/ so called premature mortality

Answer 17

coronary heart disease