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Module 3B musculoskeletal > Introduction to Diagnostic Imaging > Flashcards

Introduction to Diagnostic Imaging Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

this is a branch of medicine that uses imaging techniques to diagnose and treat disease

A

Radiology

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2
Q

this uses ionizing radiation to produce images

A

Conventional Xray

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3
Q

best used to evaluate bones and soft tissues

A

Conventional Xray

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4
Q

what view of patients does xray gives

A

Frontal or coronal

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5
Q

this is the final image of all the summation of al the interactions of the anatomy of the patient and origin of xray detector

A

Summation Shadowgram

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6
Q

what is radiographic image

A

Summation of shadowgram

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7
Q

who invented the Xray

A

Willhelm Roentgen

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8
Q

Opaque- White

A

Hyperdense

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9
Q

Lucent = black

A

Hypodense

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10
Q

White

A

Isodense

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11
Q

what are the 5 basic opacities in xray imaging

A
  • Air
  • Fat
  • Soft tissue
  • Bone
  • Metal
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12
Q

this xray imaging

  • dense structure
  • absorbs large portions
  • isodense
A

Metal

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13
Q

this xray imaging

  • simple molecular structure
  • allows xray to pass thru
  • large black region
A

Air

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14
Q

Basic rule of patient positioning in xray

A

obtain to views

  • anteroposterior
  • lateral
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15
Q

additional special viewing positions

A
  • odontoid
  • axillary
  • skyline
  • decubitus
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16
Q

this is a type of special viewing position

- covers the shoulder

A

Axillary view

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17
Q

this is a type of special viewing position

- covers the patella

A

Skyline view

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18
Q

this is a type of special viewing position

- for high cervical spine

A

Odontoid view

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19
Q

this is a type of special viewing position

- chest or abdomen

A
  • Decubitus
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20
Q

Advantages of Xray

A
  • affordable and accessible
  • widely obtained images
  • quickly
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21
Q

disadvantages of Xray

A
  • cause tissue ionization
  • limited range
  • cannot get depth
  • poor tissue differentiation
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22
Q

this is the principle that tells that the magnitude of times a person should get xyray scans

A

Alara principle

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23
Q

Alara

A

As low as reasonably possible

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24
Q

full form of CA or CT

A

Computed Topography

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25
advantages of CT
- better image - good soft tissue eval - can take sagittal images and coronal
26
old name of CT
CAT | computer axial tomography
27
parts of CT/ CAT
- gantry - rotating beam - multiple detectors - multiple 2d imaging pictures
28
Disadvantages of CT
- expensive | - more exposure to radiation
29
How is a CT scan created
- thousands of mathematical calculations calculate Voxel with a pixel of 512x512
30
What is Voxel
volume of tissue
31
this scale assigns densities to tissues; quantitative
Hounsfield Unit scale
32
examples of HU
``` -1000 air 0 Water 20 to 40 soft tissue 40 old blood 80 to 100 acute blood 700 Medullar B 800 Corticullar B 1000 Metal ```
33
Center of the gray scale | - set the HU for the interested organ or part
Level
34
the width of the gray scale that surrounds the level
Window
35
if pixel qualit is greater than defined window
pic will be white
36
pixel density less than defined window
pic will be black
37
patient's right side is
on the left side
38
Limit patient exposure to radiation
set ct xray dose low as possible | - images can be reformatted without additional xray needed
39
Computed T Angiography
- for arterial imaging - intercranial arteries for Aneurysm - Pumonary A for P embolism - contrast is injected
40
This uses highly magnetic field and radio
MRI
41
Has high modality magnets
MRI
42
What can FMRI detect
Neurologic and Musculoskeletal imaging
43
the parameters set result in the acquisition of a set of images
MR imaging sequence
44
in what position should be when taking breast mri
PRONE
45
when is Open magnets mri used
for children obese people claustrophobic people
46
this is the chemical injected when doing mri scans
Gadolinium
47
what to be cautious of when starting mri
- implanted objects | because of the high strength magnetic field
48
This uses high frequency sound waves - no ionization - acoustic gel used
Ultrasound
49
what is the name of ultrasound inducers
Probes
50
diff types of probes
linear probes - endo- cavitry probe - curved area
51
this is a type of UT probe | - potimal for abdomial and obstetric imaging
Curved array
52
this is a type of UT probe | - best for vascular and small superficial structures
Linear
53
this is a type of UT probe | - best for prostate gland and female pelvic
Endo Cavitry
54
Ultra sound are real time imaging
true
55
what are the images of UT called
B-mode
56
what is the depth of UT
declining as it goes further
57
sound is reflected back from tissue to be measured by UT
Echoic
58
ability to reflect waves in context of surrounding tissues
Echogenicity
59
sound cannot reflect back - it is pitch black `
Anechoic
60
sound is reflected back to the UT - probe is decreased - black screen
hypoechoic
61
as white
Isoechoic
62
sound reflected back is increased compared to other tissues | - white on screen
Hyperechoic
63
PER-WHI-ISO
HYPERECHOIC WHITE ISOECHOIC
64
PO-BLA-NA
HYPOECHOIC BLACK ANECHOIC
65
Uses high frequency sound waves to to analyze flowing of liquids - can change frequency to analyse blood flow
Doppler UT
66
in what time and length is doppler ut analyzed
cm/secs
67
what colors represent the flow of blood
towards probe- orange/red | away from probe- blue
68
Permeable to one or another form of radiation, such as X-rays. Radiolucent objects do not block radiation but let it pass
radioluscent
69
structures that are dense and resist the passage of x-rays. structures appear light or white in a radiographic image.
Radiopaque
70
MRI image that is white
TW2

Module 3B musculoskeletal (4 decks)

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