Introduction to Hemostasis

Question 1

The discharge of blood from its normal vascular channels onto extravascular spaces

Answer 1

Hemorrhage

Question 2

Manifestations of hemorrhage

PPEEHHHM

Answer 2

a. Petechiae
b. Purpura
c. Ecchymoses
d. Epistaxis
e. Hemoptysis
f. Hematemesis
g. Hemarthrosis
h. Menorrhagia

Question 3

Purplish red, pinpoint hemorrhagic spots in the skin due to capillary ability to withstand normal blood pressure and trauma

Answer 3

Petechiae

Question 4

Hemorrhage of blood into small areas of the skin, mucous membranes, and other tissues; area appears red then purple to brownish yellow

Answer 4

Purpura

Question 5

Blood escapes into large areas of the skin or mucous membranes, but not into deep tissue; area turns black to blue then greenish brown or yellow

Answer 5

Ecchymoses

Question 6

Nose bleed

Answer 6

Epistaxis

Question 7

Blood in the sputum

Answer 7

Hemoptysis

Question 8

Vomiting of blood

Answer 8

Hematemesis

Question 9

Leakage of blood into a joint cavity

Answer 9

Hemarthrosis

Question 10

Excessive menstrual bleeding

Answer 10

Menorrhagia

Question 11

Stoppage of blood flow

Answer 11

Hemostasis

Question 12

Process that retains the blood within the vascular system in the presence of injury; localizes reaction and re-establishes blood flow

Answer 12

Hemostasis

Question 13

3 Hemostatic Components

EVI

Answer 13

Extravascular
Vascular
Intravascular

Question 14

Component: Tissues that surround the blood vessels

Answer 14

Extravascular component (EC)

Question 15

Extravascular components provide support to blood vessels during injury by ______ and via tissue swelling (which traps blood)

Answer 15

Increasing pressure/providing back pressure

Question 16

Factors that affect the hemostatic ability of EC

Answer 16

a. The bulk or amount of the surrounding tissue
b. The type of tissue surrounding the injured vessel
c. The tone of the surrounding tissue

Question 17

This component involves the vessels through which the blood flows

Answer 17

Vascular component (VC)

Question 18

Factors that affect the hemostatic ability of VC

Answer 18

a. Vessel size
b. Amount of smooth muscle in vessel walls
c. Integrity of the endothelial lining

Question 19

The smallest and most numerous blood vessels in the body

Answer 19

Capillaries

Question 20

These allow intravascular metabolic exchange processes to take place

Answer 20

Junctions (openings)

Question 21

Cells that lie beneath the endothelium of blood vessels

Answer 21

Pericytes

Question 22

Layers of blood vessels

Answer 22

a. Tunica adventitia or externa
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica intima or interna

Question 23

This vascular layer consists of connective-tissue fibroblasts and collagen fibers

Answer 23

Tunica adventitia or externa

Question 24

This vascular layer consists of smooth muscle cells and connective tissues, collagen fibers, and occasional fibroblasts

Answer 24

Tunica media

Question 25

This vascular layer comes in contact with blood cells

Answer 25

Tunica intima or interna

Question 26

This component includes platelets and pro-coagulants in the plasma; involved in either coagulation or fibrinolysis

Answer 26

Intravascular component (IC)

Question 27

Clot or thrombus formation

Answer 27

Coagulation

Question 28

Clot or thrombus dissolution

Answer 28

Fibrinolysis