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Principles And Perspectives > Introduction To Human Development: Journey Through Life Cycle > Flashcards

Introduction To Human Development: Journey Through Life Cycle Flashcards

0
Q

5 conceptual models

A 
Biological
Sociocultural
Psychological/psychodynamic
Spiritual
Biopsychosocial
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1
Q

Main subject of Medicine

A

Man

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2
Q

Model which focuses on the anatomy and physiology of human body

A

Biological model

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3
Q

Model that focuses on the context of human life

Growing circle of relationships

A

Sociocultural model

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4
Q

Dyad

A

Mother-child

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5
Q

Triad

A

Mother-father-child

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6
Q

A model that emphasizes the primacy of human experiences as shapers of behavior and wiring of human brain

A

Psychodynamic model

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7
Q

A process of transferring of past feelings, experiences, and memories to the present

A

Transference

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8
Q

Relationship with a force bigger than oneself

A

Spiritual model

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9
Q

Combination of biological, psychological, and social factors

A

Biopsychosocial model

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10
Q

Understanding how health or disease is affected by multiple levels of organization

A

Biopsychosocial model

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11
Q

Something wrong with the structures and functions of the body

A

Disease

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12
Q

Something wrong with the functions of the mind

A

Disorder

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13
Q

Interdisciplinary approach; looking into systems

A

Biopsychosocial model

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14
Q

Optimal environment for growth and development

A

Stable
Predictable events
Adults that can provide basic needs of children

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15
Q

Basic needs

A 
Material needs
Protection from danger
Affection, acceptance, approval
Discipline, demands
New experience
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16
Q

Unconditional (3As)

A

Affection

Acceptance

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17
Q

Conditional

Linked to discipline and demands

A

Approval

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18
Q

First environment into which a child is born

A

Family

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19
Q

Unit most capable of providing basic needs

A

Family

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20
Q

Responsible for transmission of social rules and values

A

Adult (Family)

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21
Q

Theory that explains the development of a human as he/she resolves psychosocial crises in each stage

A

8 stages of psychosocial development

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22
Q

(Basic conflict)

Infancy

A

Basic trust vs. mistrust

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23
Q

(Basic conflict)

Oral

A

Basic trust vs. mistrust

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24
Q

(Basic conflict)

Toddler

A

Autonomy vs. shame

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25
Q

(Basic conflict)

Anal

A

Autonomy vs. shame

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26
Q

(Basic conflict)

Pre-school

A

Initiative vs. guilt

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27
Q

(Basic conflict)

Phallic

A

Initiative vs. guilt

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28
Q

School age

A

Industry vs. inferiority

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29
Q

Latency

A

Industry vs. inferiority

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30
Q

(Basic conflict)

Adolescence

A

Identity vs. role diffusion

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31
Q

(Basic conflict)

Early adult

A

Intimacy vs. isolation

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32
Q

(Basic conflict)

Middle age

A

Generativity vs. stagnation

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33
Q

(Basic conflict)

Old Age

A

Integrity vs. despair

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34
Q

Part of human life cycle

Total dependent state

A

Infancy

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35
Q

Infant capabilities

A 
Tracking
Crying
Grasping
Reaching
Smiling
Babbling
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36
Q

6-8 months, stranger anxiety

A

Selective attachment

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37
Q

Relationship between the primary caregiver and the baby upon the response of the caregiver to the needs of the baby

A

Trust vs. Mistrust

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38
Q

Warmth, regularity, dependable affection, safe

A

Basic trust

39
Q

Doubt or watchfulness until infant feels safe

A

Mistrust

40
Q

Part of human life cycle

Clear evidence of emotions

A

Toddler

41
Q

Part of human life cycle
Attachment
Selective attachment

A

Infancy

42
Q 
Part of human life cycle
Issue of control
Transitional objects
Magical thinking
Imaginary companion
A

Toddler

43
Q

Toilet training

Discipline

A

Issue of control

44
Q

Provide psychological comfort especially during emotional transition from dependence to independence

A

Transitional object

45
Q

Attribution of causal relationships between thoughts/actions and events

A

Magical thinking

46
Q

Creation of companion

A

Imaginary companion

47
Q

Embarrassment and shame as a form of discipline

A

Autonomy vs. shame

48
Q

Explores surroundings, asserting their will

A

Autonomy

49
Q

Results from too much demands too soon, refuse to let children perform tasks of which they are capable, or ridicule early attempts at self-sufficiency

A

Shame

50
Q

Biologically determined tendency of a young child to seek proximity to the parent during the time of stress
Survival of infants

A

Attachment

51
Q

A powerful signal to entice adults to approach infant

A

Infant’s cry

52
Q

First step in long journey of life cycle

A

Infant-mother relationship attachment

53
Q

Bowlby’s Phases of
Attachment Development
Indiscriminate social responsiveness

A

Birth-2 months

54
Q

Bowlby’s Phases of
Attachment Development
Discriminating sociability

A

2-7 months

55
Q

Bowlby’s Phases of
Attachment Development
Intentional and focused attachment

A

7-24/30 months

56
Q

Depends on the responsiveness and sensitivity of the infant’s caretaker/mother

A

Infant-mother Relationship Attachment

57
Q

Infant-mother Relationship Attachment

Mothers attuned to their babies

A

Secure attachment

58
Q

Infant-mother Relationship Attachment
Overstimulating/understimulating mother
Cold/rejecting mother
Inept/abusive mother

A

Insecure attachment

59
Q

Part of human life cycle
Remarkable physical, emotional growth, language development
More aware of body parts, concerns with body injury

A

Preschool age

60
Q

Part of human life cycle
Oedipal complex
Triadic relationship with parents

A

Preschool age

61
Q

Characterized by the struggling for attention of the parents of the opposite sex

A

Oedipal complex

62
Q

Outcomes of Oedipal complex

A

Superego Formation

Gender role

63
Q

Begins and completes their own actions for a purpose

A

Iniatiative

64
Q

Results when the initiative does not produce desired results

A

Guilt

65
Q

Part of human life cycle
Entry into the community
Period of remarkable physical, cognitive, social and moral growth
Growth correlates with brain maturation

A

School Age

66
Q

Learn to make friends, show one’s competency, seeks new role, no longer ascribed role at home

A

Ascribed vs. achieved status

67
Q

Part of human life cycle
Latency phase
Same-sex grouping

A

School Age

68
Q

Considered a period of quiescence that follows the period of intense triadic relationships

A

Latency phase

69
Q

Grouping becomes polrized

A

Same-sex grouping

70
Q

Going to school and learning how to master skills in order to produce something

A

Industry

71
Q

Results when the tasks are not completed/poor mastery of skill

A

Inferiority

72
Q

Part of human life cycle
Awkward period between the onset of sexual maturation and attaining adult status in society
Certain degree of angst, instability
Often described as an emergent life phase

A

Adolescence

73
Q

Marked by hormonal changes

Results from the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

A

Puberty

74
Q

Gray matter growth spurt just before puberty especially in frontal lobe
Extensive loss of cortical synapses

A

Synaptic pruning

75
Q

Progressively thicken from birth by insulation, making these fibers efficient in their conductivity

A

Myelination process

76
Q

Maturation of adolescent brain

Among the last connections to be established

A

Dosolateral prefrontal cortex

Emotional centers: limbic system, cerebellum

77
Q

Midbrain reward system

A

Ventral tegmental area

Nucleus accumbens

78
Q

12-14 years

Puberty brings a state of arousal and heightened sexual interest

A

Early adolenscence

79
Q

14-17 years
New relationships, more complex, social environment
Sexual desires intensified

A

Middle adolescence

80
Q

Identification with a subculture characterized by its shared interests
Loyalty to _____ becomes an obsession (Middle adolescence)

A

Peers

81
Q

Crucial developmental task of adolescence

A

Identity

82
Q

18-21 years
More comfortable patterns of behavior reflecting greater mastery and experience
Discriminative relationships
Patterns of coping, intimacy

A

Late adolescence

83
Q

Part of human life cycle
Peak of biological development
Assumption of major social roles

A

Early adulthood

84
Q

Capacity for exchange good feelings with others; capacity to love

A

Intimacy

85
Q

Lack of relationships

A

Isolation

86
Q 
Part of human life cycle
Prime of one's life, career
Taking stock
Caught between one's parent and children
Fidelity and commitment
A

Middle Adulthood

87
Q

Children grew up and parents are left

A

Empty nest syndrome

88
Q

Want to teach, to generate ideas

A

Generativity

89
Q

Nothing is happening in my life

A

Stagnation

90
Q

Part of human life cycle

Retirement, economic security, dealing with losses

A

Late Adulthood

91
Q

Lived a full life, fulfillment

A

Integrity

92
Q

Wasted life, regret

A

Despair

93
Q

Bonus years
Recapitulating
Contribution
Internal drive for reflection, spiritual connections

A

Summing up

94
Q

Complex process influenced by heredity, nutrition, health, lifestyle, a host of environmental factors

A

Aging

Principles And Perspectives (11 decks)

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