*Introduction to the blood system

Question 1

define blood

Answer 1

a liquid that fills the vascular compartment and serves to transport dissolved materials and blood cells throughout the body

Question 2

what % of the total blood volume is plasma?

Answer 2

~55

Question 3

what % of the total blood volume is wbc and platelets?

Answer 3

<1%

Question 4

what % of the total blood volume is rbc?

Answer 4

~45%

Question 5

how much blood does the average human have?

Answer 5

4-6 litres

Question 6

what are the 7 functions of blood?

Answer 6

• respiration
• transport nutrients
• remove waste
• messages (such as hormones)
• protection from infection
• repair tissue damage
• thermoregulation

Question 7

where does circulation divert blood in extreme heat?
(what are the other methods)

Answer 7

to the surface to cool the body
(sweating)

Question 8

where does the circulation divert blood in the extreme cold?
(what are the other methods)

Answer 8

deep/core to maintain body heat
(hair and shivering)

Question 9

how many rbc are there per µl?

Answer 9

5-6 million

Question 10

how many wbc are there per µl?

Answer 10

5,000-10,000

Question 11

how many platelets are there per µl?

Answer 11

250,000- 400,000

Question 12

what is the formation of blood called?

Answer 12

haematopoiesis

Question 13

where does haematopoiesis occur?

Answer 13

bone marrow

Question 14

where is red marrow found and what type of blood cell is produced there?

Answer 14

flat bone
red blood cells

Question 15

where is yellow marrow found and what type of blood cell is produced there?

Answer 15

long bones
some white blood cells

Question 16

why doesn’t plasma have a nucleus?

Answer 16

as it is fragments of megakaryocytes

Question 17

what are the 2 names for the production of platelets?

Answer 17

Megakaryopoiesis or thrombopoieis

Question 18

what is the production of RBCs called?

Answer 18

Erythropoiesis

Question 19

what is the production of granulocytes called?

Answer 19

Granulopoiesis

Question 20

what is the production of monocytes called?

Answer 20

Monocytopoiesis

Question 21

what is the production of lymphocytes called?

Answer 21

Lymphopoiesis

Question 22

where is erythropoietin produced?

Answer 22

in the kidneys

Question 23

where is thrombopoietin produced?

Answer 23

in the liver

Question 24

define totipotent

Answer 24

stem cell with the ability to become any cell in the body (i.e. fertilized ovum)

Question 25

define pluripotent

Answer 25

stem cell with the ability to become nearly all cells in the body (from the 3 germ layers)

Question 26

define multipotent

Answer 26

stem cells with the ability to become a number of different cells of the same family e.g. multipotent haematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow able to become any of the different blood cells.

Question 27

define oligopotent

Answer 27

stem cells with the ability to differentiate into a few different cells types.

Question 28

what are common lymphoid precursor?

Answer 28

lymphoid precursor, can become any of the lymphoid cells (lymphocytes, natural killer cells or lymphoid dendritic cells)