ITA tutorial* Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in ITA tutorial* Deck (19)
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1
Q

some bleeding and possible pain but ongoing pregnancy

A

threatened miscarriage

2
Q

passage of some but not all the products of conception

A

incomplete miscarriage

3
Q

what is a hydatidiform mole

A

pre malignant tumour of trophoblastic villi - no fetus but a collection of fluid filled sacs

4
Q

risks of medical TOP

A

side effects from tablets - nausea and sickness
need 2 hospital appointments
may be severe pain/heavy bleeding

5
Q

risks of surgical TOP

A

uterine perforation

infection

6
Q

how long after a miscarriage can a patient start trying to get pregnant again

A

usually after one period has passed

7
Q

commonest cause of male infertility

A

idiopathic

8
Q

obstructive causes of male infertility

A

vasectomy
infection - chlamydia/ghon
congenital absence of VD

9
Q

non constructive causes of male infertility

A
undescended testis 
orchitis
torsion/trauma
chromosomal 
hormonal 
testicular cancer
10
Q

other causes of male infertility

A

varicocele
chemo
erectile dysfunction

11
Q

normal size of male testis

A

prepubertal 1-3ml
pubertal 4ml
adult sizes 12-25ml

12
Q

what causes testis to be reduced in volume

A

any condition that causes testicular failure can reduce testicular volume - undescended testis, orchitis, klinefelters syndrome, post chemo

13
Q

investigations for azoospermia

A

examination of genetilia - incl presence of VD and size of testis
endocrine tests - LH, FHS, testosterone, prolactin, thyroid function
chromosome analysis for CF or kilnefelters
testicular biopsy to assess any sperm production and exclude testicular cancer
consider testicular USS if abnormality found of examination

14
Q

management for testicular failure

A

surgical sperm aspiration -if sperm obtained then use for intracytoplasmic sperm injection

15
Q

risks of sperm aspiration

A

testocular haematoma/infection

and risk of anaesthesia

16
Q

when does the pronuclear stage occur

A

within a few hours of fertilisation the male and female pronuclei can be seen

17
Q

4 cell stage occurs when

A

36-60 hours after fertilisation

18
Q

when does morula stage occur

A

72-96 hours after fertilisation

19
Q

when does the blastocyte stage occur

A

5-6 days after fertilisation