Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PMHNP > items from lecture for 8003 final > Flashcards

items from lecture for 8003 final Flashcards

1
Q

serotonin is made and synthesized in the

A

raphe nuclei and axon terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

precursor to serotonin is

A

tryptophan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

classic conditioning

A

results from the repeated pairing of a neutral (conditioned) stimulus with one that evokes a response (unconditioned) stimulus ( pavlovs dogs rang bell and conditioned dogs to salivate when thinking they will be fed).
Ultimately neutral stimulus evokes a response- think Pavlov’s dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

operant conditioning

A

BF Skinner
Learning occurs as a result of an action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Social learning theory

A

Bandura
o Combine operant and classical conditioning theories
o Reciprocal determinism: behavior results from interaction between cognitive and environmental factors
o Self-efficacy: capacity to adapt to threatening situations as well as normal everyday activities
o Modeling behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

inconsistency among a person’s beliefs, knowledge, and behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

attribution theory

A

: focus on how persons perceive the causes of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neurophysiology of learning: Hull

A

drive reduction theory of learning

contributions:

homeostasis,

humans are drawn to behaviors that can help them achieve physical and mental equilibrium.

motivation comes from your biological need.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

neurophysiology of learning: Kandel

A

nobel for habituation and sensitization significant contributions

led to changes in sensory pathways and the changes parallel memory process

gave rise to thinking about memory storage

connections have a definite plan but can be altered by experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

neurophysiology of learning: Habituation

A

think desensitization

loss of behavioral response

become non threatening

simplest type of learning

NMDA receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Memory: Foundations for learning is in the

A

hippocampus cortex and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Memory: Learning starts when the

A

sense take in a stimulus from the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Memory: Stimulus transformed into

A

memory trace or memory link

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Memory: Electrical impulse passes through a neuron allows

A

expression, thought, movement, and behavior towards a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Memory: all of this results when

A

Connections between synapses are formed continuously in our brains.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Somatic symptoms:

  1. Neurological
A

head traum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Somatic symptoms:

  1. Endocrine:
A

hypothyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Somatic symptoms:

  1. Metabolic and systemic:
A

uremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Somatic symptoms:

  1. Toxic:
A

intoxication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Somatic symptoms:

  1. Nutritional:
A

vitamin b12 deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Somatic symptoms:
6. Infectious:

A

viral hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Somatic symptoms:
Autoimmune:

A

SLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Somatic symptoms:

  1. Neoplastic:
A

endocrine tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bleuler 4 As

A

● Association (looseness of)
○ Thoughts are not organized well. No good stream of conscious thought
● Affective disturbances - flat affect
● Autism
○ Social awkwardness - inability to read or give appropriate social cues
● Ambivalence
○ General emotional neutrality about matters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The neuropathological basis for schizophrenia involves the
limbic systeml
26
limbic system always refers to
to primitive and basic functions of the brain think hallucinations (positive symptoms) and basal ganglia
27
Schizophrenia induces abnormalities in the
cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brainstem
28
schizophrenia is a
disease of the brain a thought disorder
29
early onset risk factors for schizophrenia
● Having a family history of schizophrenia ● Increased immune system activation, such as from inflammation ● Older age of the father ● Some pregnancy and birth complications, such as malnutrition or exposure to toxins or viruses that may impact brain development ● Taking mind-altering (psychoactive) drugs during teen years
30
Schizophrenia dx Two or more of the following each present for significant portion during 1 month period ( or less if successfully treated) at least one of these should be 1-3
1. Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganized speech 4. Grossly abnormal psychomotor behavior such as catatonia 5. Negative symptoms (restricted affect or avolition/asociality)
31
Schizophrenia onset in children is: often are: Often do:
-schizophrenia onset is insidious (slow and gradual) -Children often socially rejected and have limited social skills -Some do poorly in school despite normal intelligence
32
Schizophrenia good prognosis factors
-late and acute onset- if after age 30 generally brief and good prognosis may not return -married -Good support system -positive symptoms ( seeing things or hearing things)
33
Schizophrenia poor prognosis factors
young onset insidious onset: slow/gradual
34
boys vs girls depression prevalence
Depression is significantly more common in boys under the age of 10. But by age 16, girls have a greater incidence of depression.
35
depression etiology
Biological factors -monoamine neurotransmitters- norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and histamine
36
Prognosis of SSD somatic symptom disorder:
prognosis of SSD varies. chronic relapsing disorder that usually doesnt remit (wax and wane) 80% chance of being dx again 5 yrs laster with same type of presentation
37
SSD in DSM
new dx multiple current somatic symptoms disrupting daily life or are distressing one severe sx: pain
38
etiology of OCD
environmental: negative events in childhood genetic dysfunction in orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and striatum implicated
39
gender and ocd characteristic
males more likely to have comorbid tic disorder with OCD
40
obsession vs compulsion
obsession we do with our minds (thoughts) compulsion we do with our body (behaviors)
41
recognizing ocd is about
control and acceptance
42
12 mo prevalence of GAD in US
0.9% adolescents and 2.9% adults
43
gender and GAD
female 2x male
44
GAD most often coexists with
another mental disorder, phobia, or depressive disorder
45
HPA affects disorders
mood disorders PTSD dementia SUD
46
panic disorder sx
derealization feelings of unreality depersonalization being detached from ones self
47
most children ouotgrow separation anxiety by
3
48
selective mutism usually starts
before 5yo
49
2 major amino acid neurotransmitters
GABA and glutamate
50
Cluster B personality. Most common in outpatient (4)
Antisocial PD Borderline PD Histrionic PD Narcissistic PD
51
Antisocial PD
Prison general disregard and violation of rights of others very transactional relationships
52
Borderline PD
often see self harm or suicide great insecurity and fear of abandonment strong boundaries
53
Histrionic PD
major drama all the time amplified more drama than BPD center of attention
54
Narcissistic PD
Trump extreme negative reactions to criticism elevated sense of self importance difficulty showing empathy or remorse reality is an extremity insecure person reacting
55
cluster b onset must
onset in adolescents or early adulthood sx stable over time and lead to distress
56
PD and comorbidity
50% who meet criteria for one will meet criteria for another can be paired with at least one other disorder Bipolar SUD Eating
57
differentiate lewy body from other dementia
acting out dreams in sleep and known for visual hallucinations
58
best known questionnaire for informant for dementia
IQCODE
59
differentiate delirium from dementia
delerium : rapid onset fluctuates throughout the day
60
PTSD major criterion for dx
A: stressor B: intrusion sx C: avoidance D: negative alterations in cognitions and mood E: alterations in arousal and reactivity F: Duration more than 1 mo G: functional significance (distress/impair) H: Exclusion
61
PTSD 2 specifications
Dissociative: criteria met but also high level of depersonalization or derealization Delayed (full criteria not met til at least 6 mo)
62
4 main structures of limbic system
amygdala, hippocampus, regions of the limbic cortex, septal area primitive
63
cluster A PD broad description
street personality odd weird people often misdiagnosed as autism Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
64
cluster B PD broad description
most common in outpatient Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
65
labs for carbamazepine (tegretol) or Depakote
annual LFT with serum drug level
66
Tourette dx
2+ motor tics sx for 1+ yr onset before 18
67
areas that play a significant role in depression
amygdala, the thalamus, and the hippocampus

PMHNP (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions