(IV) Lecture Ch.1-2 + Stem Cells

Question 1

MS has…

Answer 1

demyelination of white matter

Question 2

are autoimmune diseases more common in M or F?

Answer 2

F

Question 3

lupus is more common in..

Answer 3

African American F

Question 4

multiple sclerosis can cause..

Answer 4

motor weakness, vision issues; also PROGRESSIVE

Question 5

new gen drugs are ____ and can..

Answer 5

biologics, strengthen own body to fight

Question 6

spina bifida is caused by

Answer 6

low folic acid

Question 7

______ can cause genetic defects

Answer 7

intermarriage

Question 8

a ____ is hidden in an ultrasound

Answer 8

occulta

Question 9

a ________ is more severe and _____

Answer 9

myelomeningocele; grows on the outside; because involves NEURAL elements

Question 10

a ______ is a less severe form of spina bifida and is ___

Answer 10

meningocele; outside but NO neural elements; CYST on body

Question 11

a _____ and ______ forms as the same time as the heart

Answer 11

cleft palate; hair lip

Question 12

why do pts. with CF do chest PT?

Answer 12

to prevent malabsorption of mucus

Question 13

CF have low ____ channels which is why they are ___

Answer 13

chlorine, salty lol

Question 14

sickle cell anemia means….. and what is it linked to?

Answer 14

blood cells are shaped like Cs, low life span and can be linked to malaria

Question 15

kerat/o

Answer 15

cornea

Question 16

general anesthesia is bad because

Answer 16

it affects the brain and hippocampus and possibly lead to dementia

Question 17

levels of anesthesia?

Answer 17

local>regional>general

Question 18

an epidural goes through the _______

Answer 18

spinal column

Question 19

what is the most common type of dementia?

Answer 19

Alzheimer’s

Question 20

corticosteroids can also ___

Answer 20

wear down bone

Question 21

epidural vs. spinal?

Answer 21

differs in space inserted

Question 22

list the progression of cancer.

Answer 22

normal>hyperplasia>dysplasia>cancer

Question 23

____ increases in the progression of cancer.

Answer 23

nuclei

Question 24

morphology means..

Answer 24

the shape

Question 25

retinoblastoma is ..

Answer 25

proliferation of cancer cells in retina

Question 26

what does a younger Dx of breast cancer mean? also name gene

Answer 26

lower life expectancy, BRCA

Question 27

list the process of making stem cells (beginning)

Answer 27

zygote>> mitosis> blastocyst> embryo that can be 200 diff. cell types (STEM CELLS)

Question 28

pluripotent means

Answer 28

several abilities

Question 29

how many epithelial cells are lost each hour?

Answer 29

40K

Question 30

which stem cells replace skin?

Answer 30

epidermal, continuously diving (REGENERATIVE)

Question 31

mature stem cells are ___

Answer 31

specialized (UNIPOTENT)

Question 32

what are the two characteristics of stem cells

Answer 32

1) ability to self-renew 2) ability to differentiate (potency)

Question 33

degree of potency means..

Answer 33

stem cells available to renew (undifferentiated)

Question 34

what are hemopoietic stem cells?

Answer 34

blood making stem cells, MULTIPOTENT

Question 35

how are hemopoietic stem cells multipotent ?

Answer 35

can give rise to cells in diff. systems (red blood cells, WBC)

Question 36

most common use of stem cells in med. rn?

Answer 36

put hemopoietic stem cells back in bone marrow of cancer pts. to produce norm. amt. of blood

Question 37

multipotent neural cells give rise to .....

Answer 37

neurons and supporting cells when necessary

Question 38

what do multipotent mesenchymal stem cells do?

Answer 38

make bone cells, cartilage cells, adipose cells

Question 39

name 2 mechanisms that makes sure cells arent used up when dividing?

Answer 39

1) obligate asymmetric replication stem cell> mother cell> makes one differentiated daughter 2) stochastic differentiation: 2 differentiated daughters, mother stem cell goes under mitosis to duplicate

Question 40

IPS means.. and what are they?

Answer 40

induced pluripotent stem cells; reprogram differentiated cells to unspecialized thru gene

Question 41

why is IPS good for regenerative med.?

Answer 41

avoids immune responses indv. may have bc own cells

Question 42

what is Chadwick's sign?

Answer 42

blue cervix due to engorgement of blood

Question 43

steps in Pap smear, and how often?

Answer 43

1) ht. wt., BP 2) urine sample 3) lithotomy position 4) speculum and cytology brush point> lab; EVERY 3 YRS after 21

Question 44

name of cervical opening?

Answer 44

cervical OS

Question 45

KY jelly is used to

Answer 45

lubricate fingers before inserting and palpating for ovaries

Question 46

who inserts transvaginal ultrasound ?

Answer 46

Patient

Question 47

Dyspareunia is

Answer 47

persistent genital pain before/during/after sex

Question 48

how often should u do breast exams?

Answer 48

once every month same time