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Funda > IV Prep > Flashcards

IV Prep Flashcards

1
Q

receptors that detect fluid
deficit

A

Osmoreceptors

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2
Q

receives signals from
osmoreceptors

A

Hypothalamus

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3
Q

effector organ when there is
fluid deficit

A

Pituitary gland

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4
Q

secretes ADH
and oxytocin

A

Posterior Pituitary Gland

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5
Q

Where are fluids located

A

Extracellular and Intracellular fluids

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6
Q

2 major divisions of ECF

A

Intravascular Fluid and Interstitial Fluid

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7
Q

Liquid part of blood

A

Intravascular

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8
Q

between cells and
outside blood vessels

A

Interstitial

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9
Q

Minor division of ECF

A

Transcellular fluid

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10
Q

An important regulator of fluid intake when plasma osmolality increases

A

Thirst

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11
Q

Passive movement of molecules from area
of higher to lower concentration

A

Diffusion

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12
Q

Also known as “water deficit”

A

Hypernatremia

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13
Q

Also known as “water excess”

A

Hyponatremia

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14
Q

Also known as “overhydration”

A

Hypervolemia

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15
Q

Indication that the patient is overhydrated / has excessive water

A

Pitting Edema

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16
Q

Chloride normal range

A

96 to 106 mmol/L

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17
Q

Phosphorus normal range

A

1.8 - 2.6 mEq / L

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18
Q

Potassium normal range

A

3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L

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19
Q

Calcium normal range serum value

A

4.3 to 5.3 mEq/L

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20
Q

Magnesium normal range serum value

A

1.5 - 1.9 mEq/L

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21
Q

Arises from alveolar
hypoventilation. Lungs are unable to excrete enough CO2

A

Respiratory acidosis

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22
Q

Kidneys are unable to excrete
enough metabolic acid. Increases pH of the blood

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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23
Q

Arises from alveolar hyperventilation. Lungs excrete too much CO2

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

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24
Q

Often designed for a one-time use and
discarded after use

A

Intermittent catheter

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25
Q

Arises from direct increase in
base (bicarbonate) or decrease in
metabolic acid

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

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26
Q

An efficient and effective method of
supplying fluids directly into the
intravascular fluid compartment and
replacing electrolyte losses

A

IV fluid therapy

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27
Q
  • Has bigger drops compared to micro set
  • Drip / drop chamber does NOT have a filter
A

Macro set

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28
Q
  • Usually for pediatric patients or children
  • Drip / drop chamber does NOT have a filter
A

Micro set

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29
Q

Drip chamber has a filter that prevents
blood clotting

A

Blood transfusion set

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30
Q

To administer blood or blood components
such as the RBCs, platelets, or plasma

A

Blood Transfusion

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31
Q

acts as a receptor to determine if
there is blood loss present

A

Kidney

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32
Q

3 bodily fluid compartments

A

Plasma, interstitial Fluid, intracellular fluid

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33
Q

Also known as cytosol

A

Intracellular fluid

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34
Q

is the water portion of the fluids.

A

Solvent

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35
Q

are the particles dissolved or
suspended in water.

A

Solutes

36
Q

with a low solute concentration results in
swelling of the RBC placed into the solution.

A

Hypotonic solution

37
Q

with a concentration of solutes equal to
that inside the cells results in a normal
shaped RBC.

A

Isotonic solution

38
Q

with a high solute concentration, causes
shrinkage (crenation) of the RBC as water
moves by osmosis out of the cell and into
the _____

A

Hypertonic solution

39
Q

concentration of a solution expressed as number of osmoles/ 1L of water; measure of
solution’s amount of pull “drawing power”

A

Osmolarity

40
Q

number of osmoles/kg of water

A

Osmolality

41
Q

Normal value of osmolarity

A

275-295mOsm/L

42
Q

is the force of the weight of water pressing against the confining walls. (“Water-Pushing” effect.)

A

Hydrostatic pressure-

43
Q

exerted by non diffusable plasma proteins. (“Water-Pulling” effect.)

A

Oncotic/Osmotic pressure-

44
Q

Type of protein in oncotic osmotic pressure?

A

Albumin

45
Q

occurs when fluid shifts from the
vascular space into a space where it is not
accessible as extracellular fluid;.

A

Third space syndrome

46
Q

Fluid balance consists of (3)

A

Fluid intake, fluid distribution, fluid output

47
Q

3 Hormonal regulations

A

Antidiuretic hormone, renin angiotensin aldosterone mechanism, atrial natriuretic peptide

48
Q

Retention of urine causes

A

UTI

49
Q

Drain the infectious materials before it reaches vital organs

A

Lymphatic system

50
Q

The best way to monitor pt.’s fluid status is through

A

Daily weights and record of intake an output

51
Q

Usage of heart medication

A

Cause retention of fluids

52
Q

Triangulation to know patient

A

Signs and symptoms, history, lab studies

53
Q

What is the normal urine output

A

At least 30 cc/hr

54
Q

Urine more than 30 cc/hr

A

Oliguria

55
Q

Less than 10 cc/hr

A

Anuria

56
Q

When you urinate more than normal

A

Polyuria

57
Q

Patient can pee freely

A

Voiding freely

58
Q

Can help utilize in monitoring pressure

A

Central venous pressure

59
Q

Generalized edema

A

Anasarca

60
Q

Sunken fontanelle for babies

A

Dehydration

61
Q

When nail bed turns blue

A

Cyanosis

62
Q

Skin elasticity

A

Turgor

63
Q

Sodium normal value

A

135-145 Meq/L

64
Q

pH normal balance

A

7.35-7.45 pH

65
Q

PaCO2 normal range

A

35-45 mmHg

66
Q

PaO2 normal nalance

A

80-100 mmHg

67
Q

HCO3 normal balance

A

22-26 mEq/L

68
Q

Test used to asses collateral blood flow to the hands

A

Allens test

69
Q

What happens Excess acid

A

Ammonia happens

70
Q

What happens when there is correction of electrolyte intake

A

It can cause brain to swell

71
Q

IV administration of whole blood or blood
component

A

Blood component therapy

72
Q

Blood transfusion time

A

6 hours

73
Q

How long can IV stay when punctured

A

24 hours

74
Q

When is enteral nutrition bag (2L) good for

A

48 hours

75
Q

Urine gravity

A

1.005 - 1.030

76
Q

Best intravenous placements for adults

A

Cephalic, basilic, median cubital veins

77
Q

Potassium normal range

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

78
Q

dilutes the interstitial fluid, decreasing its osmotic pressure below intracellular pressure.

A

Hypotonic IV solution

79
Q

causes water to leave cells by osmosis to equalize the osmolality between interstitial and intracellular compartments.

A

Hypertonic IV solution

80
Q

proteins that are much larger than electrolytes, glucose, and other molecules that dissolve easily; most are too large to leave capillaries in the filtered fluid.

A

Colloid

81
Q

accumulation of excess fluid in the
interstitial space.

A

Edema

82
Q

normal pH range of adult arterial blood.

A

7.35 - 7.45

83
Q

Formula for calculating ml/hour

A

mL/h = total infusion volume (mL)
————————————-
Total infusion time (h)

84
Q

Formula for calculating drops per min (gtts/min)

A

(gtts/min) = total infusion volume x drop factor
—————————————————
Total time of infusion in minutes

85
Q

Formula for infusion time (H)

A

Infusion time H = total volume to infuse (mL)
————————————-
ML/hour

Funda (12 decks)

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