IV Prep Flashcards by Ella Rive

receptors that detect fluid
deficit

Osmoreceptors

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receives signals from
osmoreceptors

Hypothalamus

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effector organ when there is
fluid deficit

Pituitary gland

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secretes ADH
and oxytocin

Posterior Pituitary Gland

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Where are fluids located

Extracellular and Intracellular fluids

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2 major divisions of ECF

Intravascular Fluid and Interstitial Fluid

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Liquid part of blood

Intravascular

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between cells and
outside blood vessels

Interstitial

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Minor division of ECF

Transcellular fluid

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An important regulator of fluid intake when plasma osmolality increases

Thirst

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Passive movement of molecules from area
of higher to lower concentration

Diffusion

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Also known as “water deficit”

Hypernatremia

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Also known as “water excess”

Hyponatremia

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Also known as “overhydration”

Hypervolemia

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Indication that the patient is overhydrated / has excessive water

Pitting Edema

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Chloride normal range

96 to 106 mmol/L

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Phosphorus normal range

1.8 - 2.6 mEq / L

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Potassium normal range

3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L

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Calcium normal range serum value

4.3 to 5.3 mEq/L

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Magnesium normal range serum value

1.5 - 1.9 mEq/L

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Arises from alveolar
hypoventilation. Lungs are unable to excrete enough CO2

Respiratory acidosis

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Kidneys are unable to excrete
enough metabolic acid. Increases pH of the blood

Metabolic Acidosis

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Arises from alveolar hyperventilation. Lungs excrete too much CO2

Respiratory Alkalosis

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Often designed for a one-time use and
discarded after use

Intermittent catheter

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Arises from direct increase in base (bicarbonate) or decrease in metabolic acid

Metabolic Alkalosis

An efficient and effective method of supplying fluids directly into the intravascular fluid compartment and replacing electrolyte losses

IV fluid therapy

- Has bigger drops compared to micro set - Drip / drop chamber does NOT have a filter

Macro set

- Usually for pediatric patients or children - Drip / drop chamber does NOT have a filter

Micro set

Drip chamber has a filter that prevents blood clotting

Blood transfusion set

To administer blood or blood components such as the RBCs, platelets, or plasma

Blood Transfusion

acts as a receptor to determine if there is blood loss present

Kidney

3 bodily fluid compartments

Plasma, interstitial Fluid, intracellular fluid

Also known as cytosol

Intracellular fluid

is the water portion of the fluids.

Solvent

are the particles dissolved or suspended in water.

Solutes

with a low solute concentration results in swelling of the RBC placed into the solution.

Hypotonic solution

with a concentration of solutes equal to that inside the cells results in a normal shaped RBC.

Isotonic solution

with a high solute concentration, causes shrinkage (crenation) of the RBC as water moves by osmosis out of the cell and into the _____

Hypertonic solution

concentration of a solution expressed as number of osmoles/ 1L of water; measure of solution’s amount of pull “drawing power”

Osmolarity

number of osmoles/kg of water

Osmolality

Normal value of osmolarity

275-295mOsm/L

is the force of the weight of water pressing against the confining walls. (“Water-Pushing” effect.)

Hydrostatic pressure-

exerted by non diffusable plasma proteins. (“Water-Pulling” effect.)

Oncotic/Osmotic pressure-

Type of protein in oncotic osmotic pressure?

Albumin

occurs when fluid shifts from the vascular space into a space where it is not accessible as extracellular fluid;.

Third space syndrome

Fluid balance consists of (3)

Fluid intake, fluid distribution, fluid output

3 Hormonal regulations

Antidiuretic hormone, renin angiotensin aldosterone mechanism, atrial natriuretic peptide

Retention of urine causes

UTI

Drain the infectious materials before it reaches vital organs

Lymphatic system

The best way to monitor pt.’s fluid status is through

Daily weights and record of intake an output

Usage of heart medication

Cause retention of fluids

Triangulation to know patient

Signs and symptoms, history, lab studies

What is the normal urine output

At least 30 cc/hr

Urine more than 30 cc/hr

Oliguria

Less than 10 cc/hr

Anuria

When you urinate more than normal

Polyuria

Patient can pee freely

Voiding freely

Can help utilize in monitoring pressure

Central venous pressure

Generalized edema

Anasarca

Sunken fontanelle for babies

Dehydration

When nail bed turns blue

Cyanosis

Skin elasticity

Turgor

Sodium normal value

135-145 Meq/L

pH normal balance

7.35-7.45 pH

PaCO2 normal range

35-45 mmHg

PaO2 normal nalance

80-100 mmHg

HCO3 normal balance

22-26 mEq/L

Test used to asses collateral blood flow to the hands

Allens test

What happens Excess acid

Ammonia happens

What happens when there is correction of electrolyte intake

It can cause brain to swell

IV administration of whole blood or blood component

Blood component therapy

Blood transfusion time

6 hours

How long can IV stay when punctured

24 hours

When is enteral nutrition bag (2L) good for

48 hours

Urine gravity

1.005 - 1.030

Best intravenous placements for adults

Cephalic, basilic, median cubital veins

Potassium normal range

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

dilutes the interstitial fluid, decreasing its osmotic pressure below intracellular pressure.

Hypotonic IV solution

causes water to leave cells by osmosis to equalize the osmolality between interstitial and intracellular compartments.

Hypertonic IV solution

proteins that are much larger than electrolytes, glucose, and other molecules that dissolve easily; most are too large to leave capillaries in the filtered fluid.

Colloid

accumulation of excess fluid in the interstitial space.

Edema

normal pH range of adult arterial blood.

7.35 - 7.45

Formula for calculating ml/hour

mL/h = total infusion volume (mL) ————————————- Total infusion time (h)

Formula for calculating drops per min (gtts/min)

(gtts/min) = total infusion volume x drop factor ————————————————— Total time of infusion in minutes

Formula for infusion time (H)

Infusion time H = total volume to infuse (mL) ————————————- ML/hour