JAALAS 2010 No. 4 KD Flashcards

1
Q

Evans et al.Gray Short-Tailed OpossumWhat is the genus of the gray short-tailed opossum?

a. Didelphis
b. Thylamys
c. Marmosa
d. Monodelphis

A

D. Monodelphis

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2
Q

The gray short-tailed opossum is a model for what type of hypercholesterolemia?

a. Diet-induced
b. Familial

A

a. Diet induced

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3
Q
  1. Which of the following enzymes is frequently found elevated in young growing mammals?
    a. Alanine aminotransferase
    b. Aspartate aminotransferase
    c. Alkaline phosphatase
A

c. Alkaline phosphatase

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4
Q
  1. In some animals, as in this study, it has been found that hemoglobin has a lower affinity for oxygen in which sex?
    a. Males
    b. Females
A

b. Female

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5
Q
  1. In this study, the overall body weight and the percentage body weights of the liver was greater in males. T or F
A

False

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6
Q

Bauer et alOverweight Body Condition in Laboratory-Housed Cynomolgus Macaques .Most North American facilities housing cynomolgus macaques recognize the importance of tracking body condition T/F

A

True

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7
Q

Obesity is not a leading health problem in most facilities housing cynomolgus macaques, with 8/11 facilities reporting <3% of their population overweight.

A

True

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8
Q

A common method to decrease excess weight in cynomolgus macaques is calorie restriction, which also has been shown to have beneficial health effects

A

True

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9
Q

Body weight tracking and BCS are used to monitor weight status of macaques.

A

True

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10
Q

Facilities housing middle-aged macaques (older than 10 years) or long-term maintenance colonies had an increase in overweight animal prevalence.

A

True

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11
Q

Takeo et al.Mouse Embryos Produced by Cryopreserved Sperm.1. T / F. The cold storage technique yielded a developmental rate that was greater than 50%.

A

False

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12
Q
  1. T / F. Fertilization rates of frozen/thawed sperm are generally greater than that of fresh sperm.
A

False

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13
Q

Sztein et al. Refinements in the Cryopreservation of Mouse Ovaries.What were the major advantages of the controlled–rate cooling method of cryopreservation of mouse ovaries?

a. Longer preservation times
b. Using the same cooling program for ovarian tissue as that for embryos, and by freezing ovarian tissue in straws rather than vials, both genetic resources can be prepared at the same time.
c. Decreased number of offspring produced after the procedure.
d. Decreased implantation success rates

A

b. Using the same cooling program for ovarian tissue as that for embryos, and by freezing ovarian tissue in straws rather than vials, both genetic resources can be prepared at the same time

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14
Q

Goulding et al. The Effects of Perioperative Analgesia on Litter Size in Crl:CD1(ICR) Mice Undergoing Embryo Transfer.1. What is the mechanism for analgesia from NSAIDs like flunixin meglumine

A
  1. NSAIDs inhibit the Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme that converts arachadonic acid into pro-inflammatory prostaglandin molecules, and helping prevent inflammation and subsequent pain. NSAIDs work primarily at the site of inflammation
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15
Q
  1. What is the mechanism for analgesia from opioids like buprenorphine
A
  1. Buprenorphine is a partial mu receptor agonist. Activation of mu receptors in the brain reduces the perception of painful stimuli. Opioids have little if any anti-inflammatory actions.
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16
Q
  1. According to the Guide what is the definition of a major survival surgery?
A
  1. A major survival surgery is defined as: Surgery that penetrates and exposes a body cavity or produces substantial impairment of physical or physiological function
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17
Q

Konkle et al. Environmental-Enrichment-Related Variations in Rats.T or F: increased plasma corticosterone may not necessarily reflect a negative condition but may allow the organism to better adapt to new situations

A

True

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18
Q

T or F: the chronic novelty and accrued sensory and cognitive experience associated with an enrichment paradigm may allow animals to be more resilient in the face of subsequent challenges

A

True

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19
Q

Serologic Prevalence of MPV1.MPV1f originated from

a. Murine cytotoxic T-cell line
b. Murine B-cell line
c. Murine tumour cell line
d. Naturally infected laboratory mice
e. None of the above

A

d. Naturally infected laboratory mice

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20
Q

True or False. 100 samples per room gives a 99% probability of detecting at least 1 seropositive mouse in the population if present at an expected prevalence of 5% only if all animals tested were not uniformly susceptible to the virus.

A

False

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21
Q

Of the following list, what is the mouse strain that poses difficulties of MPV antibody detection on ELISA tests?

a. DBA/2
b. BALB/c
c. C57BL/6
d. Hsd:NIH
e. Arc:Arc

A

b. BALB/c

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22
Q

Strain- and Age-Associated Variation to MPV-1.1. T/F: A negative antibody response to MPV for seroconversion in the BALB/cArc means that the mouse is negative for exposure to MPV1f.

A

False

23
Q
  1. T/F: If there is no viral DNA detected by PCR analysis then the animal was never exposed to the MPV1f.
A

False

24
Q
3.	Of the following which mouse is a better sentinel?
A.	BALB/cArc 
B.	C57BL/6J  
C.	Arc:Arc(s)
D.	BALB/cFox1nu/Arc
A

C. Arc:Arc(s)

25
Q

Burkholder et al. Comparison of Carbon Dioxide and Argon Euthanasia.1. The CO2 displacement rate of 10% used in the study resulted in an increased time to euthanasia, but did not produce behavioral signs of distress in Sprague-Dawley rats, T/F?

A

True

26
Q
  1. Argon at 50% displacement rate for euthanasia resulted in behavioral abnormalities including seizures and agonal gasping, T/F?
A

True

27
Q

Alves et al. Anesthesia with Intraperitoneal Propofol, Medetomidine, and Fentanyl in Rats.1. How does atipamezole reverse the effect of medetomidine?

A
  1. Medetomidine is an alpha 2 agonist and atipamezole is an alpha 2 antagonist
28
Q
  1. Most current injectable anesthetic protocols for rats are associated with prolonged sedation with full recovery of consciousness taking perhaps several hours. T/F
A

True

29
Q
  1. Medetomidine combinations (e.g. combined with ketamine or fentanyl) have the advantage of faster recovery due to medetomidine reversal with atipamezole. However, ketamine combinations are associated with low-quality recoveries and the combination of medetomidine with only an opiate such as fentanyl tends to require a high dose of each to achieve anesthesia leading to adverse side effects (respiratory depression and polyuria) during the anesthetic episode. T/F
A

True

30
Q
  1. Although the use of inhalant anesthetics in rodents has become widespread, some procedures may not be amenable to the use of inhalant anesthetics (e.g. some orpoharyngeal procedures). T/F
A

True

31
Q

Goulet et al. Eugenol Anesthesia in African Clawed Frogs.1. Surgical procedures in xenopus frogs using eugenol should be performed within how many minutes of immersion in a 350 uL/L bath?

A
  1. Surgical anesthesia lasts fifteen minutes for small frogs (~7.5 g) after 5 minutes immersion; thirty minutes for medium frogs (~29.2 g) after 10 minutes immersion and large frogs (~111.7g) after 15 minutes immersion.
32
Q
  1. How long does analgesia last after bath immersion?
A

30 minutes in all frogs

33
Q
  1. Was there a decrease in heart rate or oxygen saturation in frogs after being immersed?
A

There was a decrease in heart rate in small and medium frogs but not large ones; there was no affect on oxygen saturation.

34
Q
  1. What effects does eugenol have on the CNS enabling its anesthetic and analgesic ability?
A
  1. Eugenol blocks both sodium voltage-gated channels and the vanilloid receptor TRPV1, all of which are implicated in the transmission of painful stimuli. Eugenol also activates inhibitory channel GABA responsible for CNS depression similar in most anesthetics.
35
Q
  1. Should body weight be taken into account when using eugenol as an anesthetic?
A

Body weight should be taken into account because of body surface area and drug absorption relationship.

36
Q
  1. Have other routes of administration been successful in producing surgical anesthesia?
A

Other routes have not successfully induced surgical anesthesia

37
Q

Meyer et al. Comparison of Telemetry and High-Definition Oscillometry for Blood Pressure Measurements in Conscious Dogs.What is the effect of torcetrapib administration in dogs?

A

Increased blood pressure

38
Q

True or False: manual restraint of dogs for HDO blood pressure measurement can lead to fluctuations in BP and heart rate.

A

True

39
Q

In this study, which of the following factors do the authors mention that could have affected the hemodynamic data collected?

a. Comparisons between peripheral (HDO) and central (telemetric) BP measurements have been shown to be poorly correlated.
b. Comparison of simultaneous pressures obtained from different anatomic sites may have contributed to the positive bias with HDO pressure determinations
c. The exact mechanism of the long-lasting increase in BP elicited by torcetrapib has not been identified
d. A possible cumulative effect from repeated handling of the animals for HDO measurements may have affected the data.
e. All of the above

A

e. All of the above

40
Q

What location was used for HDO measurements in the dogs on this study?

A

Coccygeal artery at the tail base

41
Q

Barka et al. Surgical Approaches to Vascular Access for Large-Caliber Devices .T/F: The approach angles and the vessel tortuousity of both techniques, thoracotomy approach to the bracheocephalic trunk and laparotomy approach to the abdominal aorta, should be considered selecting appropriate preclinical models.

A

True

42
Q

T/F: The surgical approach to the brachiocephalic trunk was developed in miniature swine to mimic upper limb or neck access whereas the abdominal aortic approach was developed in sheep and conventional swine to mimic access to lower-limb vasculature in humans.

A

True

43
Q

Which of the two approaches demonstrates a novel and effective technique for transluminal delivery of large-caliber devices in a preclinical model?
A. Laparotomy approach to the abdominal aorta
B. Thoracotomy approach to the bracheocephalic trunk

A

B. Thoracotomy approach to the bracheocephalic trunk.

44
Q

Maguire et al. Modified Skin-Window Technique in Cynomolgus Macaques .1. What was the purpose of this study?

a. To create a new way to perform skin windows in humans
b. To determine if methotrexate increases neutrophil extravasation
c. To develop a NHP model for neutrophil extravasation investigations
d. To change the approach of studying inflammatory modulators on neutrophil extravasation

A

c. To develop a NHP model for neutrophil extravasation investigations

45
Q

T/F: The skin-window technique in Cynomolgus macaques showed that methotrexate did indeed inhibit neutrophil extravasation and IL8 levels

A

True

46
Q

T/F: Saline showed to have a detrimental affect on the outcome of the study.

A

False

47
Q

Gozalo et al. Spontaneous Staphylococcus xylosus Infection in Mice Deficient in NADPH Oxidase .NADPH oxidase mice are used as an animal model for what disease in humans

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

48
Q
Of the 37 affected mice, how many were not NADPH oxidase deficient?
A. 21
B. 9
C. 3
D. 17
A

D. 17

49
Q

Which group of mice primarily showed periocular lesions or dermatitis as the clinical signs of infection?
A. NADPH oxidase deficient mice
B. NADPH oxidase producing mice

A

B. NADPH oxidase producing

50
Q

What is the most commonly diagnosed causative agent of dermatitis in mice?

A

A. Staphylococcus aureus

51
Q

Sorrell et al. Pediculosis in Two Research Ponies .What are the 2 common species of lice in equids?

A

Equids become infested with 2 species of lice, Bovicola equi (a biting/chewing louse) and Haematopinus asini (a sucking louse).

52
Q

Describe the morphology of B. equi.

A

B. equi is described as wingless yellow-brown insect with an elongated ovoid abdomen and a rounded anterior margin of the broad head. On both sides of the head , antennae are divided into three segments. Mouthparts are not readily visible. Each of the 6 tarsi has a single claw.

53
Q

What was the insecticidal therapy used, in this case, to treat for B. equi?

A

Pyrethroid or carbamate based insecticides are effective treatments for the nymph and adult stages. Animal should be treated 2 weeks later as the nit stage is resistant to treatment.