jan Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
who is the founder of modern nursing?
A
Florence Nightingale
- she was also apart of the Crimean war where she changed dressings and cleaned wounds
2
Q
Who was the most influential woman in the advancement of nursing in Canada?
a.Marie Rollet Hébert
b.Florence Nightingale
c.Mary Agnes Snively
d. Jeanne Mance
A
D
3
Q
what is VON?
A
Victorian Order of Nurses
4
Q
who conceived the idea of VON?
A
Lady Ishbel Aberdeen
- this is the educational standard for nurses
5
Q
the VON in 1898 was prompted by what?
A
Labor and birth difficulties in poor western Canada who had to give birth in remote locations with no assistance
6
Q
where was the first hospital diploma school in Canada?
A
St. Catharines Training school (Ontario)
- roles of nurses was just to observe and report to the doctors
7
Q
the first undergraduate degree program in Canada was established in which province?
A
BC, at UBC in 1919
8
Q
which province was the first to pass legislation related to nursing registration?
A
nova scotia
9
Q
what is the primary purpose of licensure laws for the nursing profession?
A
to protect the public and ensure that nurses are qualified to be working as a nurse
10
Q
where did the traditions of good nursing practice in Canada originate?
A
from indigenous peoples and the knowledge they had prior to invaders coming in like herbal remedies, midwives, and caregivers. And early settlers in nursing in New France Mme Hebert who provided care for settlers and sisters of charity who were the first visiting nurses.
11
Q
Where did the first hospital diploma school in Canada open?
a.Manitoba.
b.Ontario.
c.Quebec.
d.Newfoundland.
A
B in St. Catharines Training school
12
Q
What is the primary purpose of licensure laws for the nursing profession?
A. To protect the public against unqualified and incompetent practitioners.
B. To enhance the quality of nursing care and improve Canadians’ health outcomes.
C. To ensure that nurses demonstrate knowledge and skills in a variety of professional roles.
D. To provide an opportunity for practitioners to validate their expertise in a specialty.
A
A
13
Q
Where did the traditions of good nursing practice that anchor nursing in Canada originate?
A. England.
B. United States.
C. Germany.
D. New France.
A
D
14
Q
what is the fundamental and guiding principle of the French Canadian hospital that survived into the 20th century?
A
that care is available to all regardless of race, gender, and money
15
Q
how many male nurses were there in 2012?
A. 2.7%
B. 6.4%
C. 18.2%
D. 7.9%
A
B. 6.4%
16
Q
what is the name of the CNA nursing portal data base?
A. one nurse
B. nurse one
C. the nurse
A
B
17
Q
what is the main motivator behind nursing?
A
Altruism
18
Q
what’s the main driving force behind the modernization of nursing?
A
globalization; where nurses traveled to provide care in areas it was most needed at that time like west Africa, new France and across Canada, China, WHO
19
Q
What is the primary motivator of nursing?
A. Money.
B. Altruism.
C. Self-efficacy.
D. A curative model of care.
A
B
20
Q
What is the name of the act that was passed in 1997 - that allows RNs who hold an extended certificate provide primary health care ?
A. Regulated Health Professions Act (1991)
B. The Nursing Act (1991)
C. The Health Professions Procedural Code
D. Expanded Nursing Services for Patients Act, 1997.
A
Expanded Nursing Services for Patients Act, 1997.
21
Q
what is the area of nursing where prevention is the main focus?
A
Public health
22
Q
What is the name of the BCCNM document that outlines the knowledge, skills, judgment and attitude expected of a new LPN graduate?
A. Practice standards
B. Entry level competency
C. Scope of practice
D. Professional standards
A
B Entry level competency
23
Q
What is the BCCNM document that outlines the limits and restrictions on a LPN ‘s practice?
A. Practice standards
B. Entry level competency
C. Scope of practice
D. Professional standards
A
C scope of practice
24
Q
What is the BCCNM document that outlines an overall frame work for nursing practice in BC. It sets out the minimum levels of performance that nurses are expected to achieve in their practice.
A. Practice standards
B. Entry level competency
C. Scope of practice
D. Professional standards
A
D professional standards
25
What is the name of the BCCNM 14 guidelines that provide specific directions for nurses practice?
A. Practice standards
B. Entry level competency
C. Scope of practice
D. Professional standards
A practice standards
26
What are institutional practice guidelines? Why is it important to follow them?
they are policies, procedures, and regulations that must be followed to provide safe, competent, and ethical care
its important to follow them to prevent negligence and make evidence based decisions
27
The ethical principle that describes that a nurse understands her professional responsibilities (e.g., reporting missing narcotics to the team leader)
responsibility
28
Being answerable for one’s actions (e.g., reporting a medication error)
accountability
29
Fairness to all
justice
30
Do no harm
nonmaleficence
31
Speaking up for patients who cannot speak up for themselves.
advocate, advocacy
32
Truthfulness
veracity
33
making one's own decisions
autonomy
34
respecting a persons right to be treated the same as others
equality
35
A persons right to maintaining privacy of their health care information- including secure storage
confidentiality and privacy
36
respecting each person's uniqueness and right to fair treatment included in the CNA code of ethics
respect for persons
37
before completing a procedure on anew unit the nurse should review the.....
- handbook
- policies and guidelines
- day plan
the units policies, procedures, and guidelines
38
Quality of life characteristics are value judgment that can..
- impact nurses values and beliefs
- impact nurses day plan
- impact care decisions like end of life care
impact care decisions like end of life care
39
what protects the rights of individuals?
Civil law
40
what protects society from harm and provides punishment for intentional crimes?
Criminal law
41
2 ethical theories are__________ theory and _________________ theory
deontology and Utilitarianism
42
what does deontology mean?
defining actions as right or wrong
43
what is utilitarianism
The concept that the value of something is determined by its usefulness
example: Imagine a hospital has only one ventilator left, and two patients need it.
Patient A: A young parent with a good chance of recovery.
Patient B: An elderly person with multiple health issues and a lower chance of recovery.
44
Ethical theory is concerned with the greatest good for the most people (an example is mass immunization program during the pandemic)
utilitarianism
45
ethical theory actions are defined as right or wrong on the basis of right basis characteristics such as fidelity
deontology
46
Ethics is a philosophy that examines women (often vulnerable women)
Feminist
47
medical treatment that is impossible or unlikely to achieve positive outcome
futile
48
what does futile mean
something that is useless or won’t work, no matter how much effort is put into it. like doing CPR on a already dead patient
49
Medical assistance in death. This became law in Canada in 2016 patient must be eligible for publicly funded health care in Canada
MAID
50
describe health inequities and what does the nurse need to know
unfair and unnecessary difference in health due to factors like social, economic, or environmental factors
51
when can a nurse refuse to provide care
if its unsafe or violates ethical and legal boundaries
52
_________ can be considered a form of false imprisonment and require an order
A. a hug
B. restraints
C. assault
Restraints
53
an unintended wrongful act
unintentional tort
54
leaving the side rails down on the stretcher and the patient falls
negligence
55
a pt gives permission for a procedure or surgery after the risks and benefits have been explained by the physician
informed consent
56
what are ethics
is the study of right or wrong and moral principles
57
what is a nursing ethical responsibility
Nurses have the responsibilities to uphold the dignity, rights, safety of their patients, as well as their own professional standards and obligation like BCCNM
58
what is an ethical dilemma
An ethical dilemma occurs when there is a conflict between two moral principles or values, causing distress or confusion.
59
what is a main reason for ethical dilemma
because there's a conflict between two sets of human values or lack of clarity
60
why is it important that a nurse understands his or her own personal values in dealing with an ethical dilemma
because it can effect the pt care and decision making, personal values are the beliefs and principles that guide one's actions and judgments. They may differ from the pt's and family's values
61
When do nurses have an ethical and legal responsibility
to maintain confidentiality?
A. When they enter into a therapeutic relationship
with a patient
B. When they collaborate with other health team
members
C. When they refer a patient to another health care
provider
D. When asked information by the person who holds
a proxy directive
A
62
how would you help a person who does not speak or understand English what is the concern if you ask a family member
get an interpreter with asking a family member to interpret some info can be left out or misinterpreted
63
is leadership and management the same
no,
leadership= involves inspiring, motivating, and guiding individuals or teams towards a shared vision or goal.
management= It is more about maintaining order, setting tasks, and ensuring that processes are followed, seeing day to day operations
64
what is the difference between leadership and management
leadership focuses on shared vision, values, relationships, and motivating others toward a common goal.
management, focuses on the day to day operations, controls resources, organization, and planning
65
list 3 examples of leadership
- advocating for a change
- inspiring others
- conflict resolution
- clinicals
- providing PCC (pt centered care)
66
list 3 examples of management
- staff scheduling
- performance evaluation
- implements BCCNM regulations
- coordinating
67
what is one of a manager's top challenges
communication
68
what is floating
Floating refers to assigning nursing staff to work in units outside their usual area based on census load and patient acuity
69
what is primary nursing
one nurse is responsible for caring for the pt the entire duration of their hospital stay. so assessing, planning, implementing and evaluating and working with other HCW very expensive and time consuming
70
team nursing
team of health care providers where RN is the leader and other health care workers assist like LPN's give medication, HCA's help with feeding
71
functional nursing
tasks are divided among nurses based off their specific rolls and skills Ex RN gives meds to all pts on unit, LPN does VS for all, and HCA helps with getting ready for the day.
72
collaborative practice
working with other members of the health care team
73
One type of nursing model is an emerging model among interprofessional nursing teams and other health care providers who are members of the interprofessional team. What is this model called
Collaborative practice
74
what is decentralized nursing management
decision making is distributed to other healthcare workers not just made by the leader or management
75
what are the 4 elements of decision making
1. responsibility; knowing what is expected of you as a nurse (ur duties to perform) ex checking pt VS or head to toe
2. autonomy; free will of patient making their own decisions and you as the nurse must respect that
3. authority; to ask questions concerning the practice under their scope of practice
4. accountability; admitting to your mistakes and accepting the consequences of your actions
76
what is delegation
giving a task to another competent individual while monitoring the outcomes, ex RN ask a experienced HCA to do wound care while you finish doing a QPA.
77
can LPNs delegate
they can delegate to HCA's if they think they are competent enough to do the task correctly and it's within their scope of practice, Nurses cant delegate to other nurses RN cant delegate to a LPN.
78
what is the role of a LPN when a RN delegated to an HCA
LPN can supervise the HCA, must make sure that the HCA is capable to do this job that your delegating, and follow up it still is the LPN's pt so you want to make sure everything's okay,
- feeding
- bathing/partial or full
- oral care
- transfers
- taking pt on a walk
79
what is assignment
Occurs when a task is within HCA's or health care professional's role description. A wound care nurse can provide care for wounds but cant be performing surgery or be a foot doctor
80
what are the different decision making models
Shared governance; decentralized decision making where other health care workers also get a say not just the leaders or management
Collaborative practice models; team based approach where other health care works who are on the patients care make decisions for patient care like doctors, dietitian, and RN
Continuity of care; seamless transition through hospital journey
81
what is a matrix
distributed across multiple teams and reduces harm and enables high quality care.
82
are PN students held to the same professional standards as LPNs in BC
Yes, PN students are held to the same professional standards as LPNs and are accountable for their actions while performing nursing tasks
83
what model of nursing is this
Covid 19 immunization shots where pt comes get's their shot and goes
A. functional
B. Team
C. primary
A
84
How/where do nurses work?
A. Primarily with other nurses, in teams
B. Rarely as autonomous health care providers
C. In a variety of models from team to primary nursing
D. Predominantly in clinical or hospital environments
C
85
When an LPN assigns a task to a health care worker,
what does the LPN need to ensure?
A. The health care worker is a nice person.
B. The health care worker is easy to work with.
C. The task is matched to the skills of the health care
worker.
D. The health care worker has a lot of hospital
experience.
C
86
what is self-reflection and why's it important?
reflecting on your thinking to go about a situation differently important so you improve and learn from your mistakes, ensure safety and accuracy
87
Which of the following is an example of self-reflection in practice?
A. Blaming a colleague for a mistake made during patient care.
B. Analyzing a challenging situation and identifying what could be done differently next time.
C. Following the same process every time without evaluating its effectiveness.
D. Relying on patient feedback to determine the quality of care provided.
B
88
What is self care? Give examples of steps to take care of self and ensure fitness to practice. ( What can you do to keep yourself healthy so that you are
fit to practice competently?)
prioritize one's own health and well being
examples
- going on a walk
- drinking water
- eating proper meals
with Nursing
- taking time away from work to not get burnt out
- seeking help when needed
- monitoring your own stress
89
what is evidence informed practice
involves using information from research, clinical/personal experiences, and patient preferences to provide safe nursing care.
90
what are the 5 steps in researching the evidence
1. asking the clinical question
2. collect best evidence
3. critically appraise the evidence
4. practice the evidence in nursing and clinical
5. evaluate the outcome and change if needed
91
what are the main sections of a research article
abstract
introduction
literature review/ background
purpose statement, method or design, result or conclusion
clinical implications
92
whats the difference between an abstract and an introduction
abstract: summarizes the purpose of the entire study
introduction: sets stage for the reader with more detailed background information or research
93
what is PICO
P: pt population of interest (age, gender, and ethnicity the clinical question is being asked about)
I: intervention of interest (best intervention)
C: comparison of interest (compare with the usual standard of care)
O: outcome (what result you want to achieve)
94
Tracy uses the steps for successful evidence-informed practice to help formulate her mock research study. Rank, in order, the steps for successful evidence-informed practice.
A. Evaluate the practice decision or change.
B. Ask a clinical question.
C. Critically appraise the evidence you gather.
D. Collect the most relevant and best evidence.
E. Integrate all evidence with one’s clinical expertise and patient preferences and values in making a practice decision or change.
B, D, C, E, A
95
Tracy relies on PICO to help her develop a
clinical question for the research project. She
knows that the “C” in PICOT refers to which of the
following?
A. Caring
B. Clinical component
C. Comparison of interest
D. Compiled data
E. Complicated patient
C
96
Tracy writes her mock research purpose statement. In the
purpose statement, she includes a ___________ that predicts the relationship between the study variables
hypothesis
97
In the current health care environment, nursing research is frequently undertaken in multidisciplinary teams.
A. True
B. False
A
98
when is PICO helpful
when formatting a clinical question or clinical decision making
99
what is qualitative research
quality, it cannot be measured, nurse must understand the patients emotions and experiences through observations and interviews
100
what is quantitative research
quantity, measured through clinical tests like pain scale, VS, blood work, body temp usually involves numbers
101
what are quality improvement initiatives
Improves local work processes to improve patient outcomes like trying to better the infection rates on this unit rather than the whole hospital
102
what is critical thinking
a reasoning process involves analyzing, questioning, and evaluating to provide safe care
103
what are the 6 different components of critical thinking
- specific knowledge base: know what normal and abnormal body functions are, its stuff we learn through school
- experience: as a nurse or clinical
- competences: ability to make decisions
- attitudes: how you act
- standards: BCCNM standards
104
what is clinical decision making
focuses on patient problems and selecting appropriate interventions.
105
what are some key concepts of critical decision making
ADPIE
106
why can assumptions be harmful
Assumptions can lead to biases, misjudgments, and ineffective care by neglecting individual patient needs and preferences.
107
how can a nurse develop critical thinking skills
- connecting what your learning into your practice
- reflective writing
- creating SMART goals
- concept mapping
108
what does ethnicity mean?
group of people who share same cultural practices, language, and traditions
109
what does ethnohistory mean?
study of particular ethnic group and their traditions and cultural practices
110
what does enculturation mean?
process of learning and adopting one’s own culture.
111
what does acculturation mean
accepting new cultures and traditions like immigrants putting up charismas trees when we don't celebrate it but still put it up
112
what does assimilation mean
forced to accept a culture
113
what does race mean
classification based on physical characteristics such as skin color, hair types, clothing
114
define indigenous peoples
people who are native to a land long before colonizers came to it
115
everyone has this, it can prevent positive client out comes
bias
116
what does prejudice mean
judging someone without actually knowing them so using stereotypes and saying black people are dangerous
117
what does discrimination mean
treating someone unfair because of their race, gender, religion, or age
118
what does oppression mean
unfair and cruel treatment of a certain group of people that's been going on for a long period of time
119
what does colonialism mean
forcefully taking over a land of one group by another like columbus and indigenous people
120
what is ethnocentrism
thinking your own culture is better than everyone else's
121
what does health inequity mean
because of environmental, social, and economic factors certain people are stuck with bad health like homeless people
122
Scientific research is which of the following?
A. Attempts to understand specific populations
B. Exclusively experimental
C. Attempts to understand phenomena
D. Avoidance of the qualitative paradigm
C
123
Research begins with which of the following?
A. A question
B. A hypothesis
C. Empirical data
D. Qualitative
information
A
124
When do nurses develop complex critical
thinking skills?
A. When they graduate from nursing school and pass their registration examinations
B. When they have worked for a while in the hospital and clinical settings
C. When they have a good clinical educator on their nursing unit
D. When they gain experiential knowledge and advance in clinical practice
D
125
A nurse has made a nursing assessment of
her patient. The nurse has a good
understanding of the clinical variables, the
condition, and medical diagnosis of the
patient. What do all these factors assist the
nurse to do?
A. Communicate positively with the
patient’s family.
B. Make appropriate nursing
interventions.
C. Predict what is going to happen next
to the patient.
D. Realize that certain health situations
produce certain results.
B
126
cultural awareness and provide examples of how you would demonstrate this
understanding that theres other cultures out there not just yours
when working with a patient of a different background getting to know them without judging based of biases, getting to know their cultural practices
127
describe how you would demonstrate cultural awareness in caring for an indigenous elder
- approach with cultural humility that i may not know everything about their culture
- ask questions in a respectful manner to understand more
- recognize your own biases before entering
- giving opportunities for elder to practice their spirituality, language/traditions
- be open minded
128
cultural assessment
understanding everyone has a unique background, and understanding their beliefs, background, and values to care
129
transcultural assessment
exists in more than one culture ex a mothers love is evident in all cultures
130
cultural competence describe how you would practice with cultural competence
being aware and understanding the differences between cultures
in some cultures family plays a big role so incorporating the family into patients care plan
131
cultural congruent care
providing care that aligns with patients values and culture
132
cultural imposition
imposing/ forcing ones culture onto another person
133
cultural safety how would you practice cultural safety?
