Joints: Developmental Disturbances & Degenerative Diseases Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Joints: Developmental Disturbances & Degenerative Diseases Deck (36)
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1
Q

Luxation

A

COMPLETE dislocation of a joint

2
Q

Subluxation

A

PARTIAL dislocation of a joint

3
Q

Patellar luxation

A
DOGS & horses
RARE in other species 
Can be an anatomical defect
INHERITED = polygenic (multiple genes)
= do NOT breed animals!
4
Q

Medial patellar luxation

A

75% of cases

Common in SMALL dogs

5
Q

Lateral patellar luxation

A

Common in LARGER dogs

6
Q

Patellar luxation in horses

A

LESS common than in dogs
Usually LATERAL
Associated with a shortened lateral ridge of the femoral trochlea

7
Q

Hip Dysplasia

A
Large DOGS & cattle
RARE in other species
Except Norwegian Dole horse
INHERITED = polygenic (multi genes) 
Normal at BIRTH
Certify dogs at 2 yr
Acetabulum = shallow, wide, distorted
Modification of the femoral NECK 
ULCERATION of femoral head
Periarticular osteophytes
8
Q

What is the official name for Hip Dysplasia?

A

Acetabular dysplasia

9
Q

What can hip dysplasia be manifest from?

A

Osteochondrosis

10
Q

What are periarticular osteophytes?

A

Boney projection along joint margins

11
Q

Hip Dysplasia (cattle)

A

Only affects MALES
Esp. Herefords & beef breeds
Recessive & sex limited inheritance

12
Q

Arthrogryposis

A

Persistent flexure of contracture of a joint
May be linked to defects in neural tube closure
LOSS OF MOTION of the fetus during development
Also = cleft palate, scoliosis
Joints & tissues are NORMAL

13
Q

Osteoarthrosis

A
Degenerative disease
WRONG name = osteoarthritis
NOT driven by inflammation 
Injury to cartilage or subchondral bone
Repetitive movemnt degeneration
14
Q

In what species is osteoarthrosis common?

A

HUMANS!

15
Q

Primary degenerative arthropathy

A

Cause = UNknown

MORE common in HUMANS

16
Q

Secondary degenerative arthropathy

A

Cause = KNOWN

More common in ANIMALS

17
Q

What joints are most affected in degenerative disease?

A

LARGE joints

Areas of cartilage that bear the most stress

18
Q

What do the lesions in degenerative joints look like?

A
Loss of articular cartilage
Eburnation = smoothing of bone surface 
Increase thickening of subchondral bone
Presence of osteophytes
Thickened joint capsule (fibrous) 
Villous proliferation of synovium 
Common in the MEDIAL aspect
19
Q

What is eburnation?

A

Loss of articular cartilage

20
Q

What does degenerative joint disease lead to?

A

Chronic osteoarthritis

21
Q

Ringbone

A

HORSE = common
Interphalangeal joints
Osteophytes & loss of articular cartilage

22
Q

Bone spavin

A

HORSE = common
Intertarsal joints
Osteophytes & loss of articular cartilage

23
Q

Navicular disease

A

HORSE = common
Located on navicular bones
Osteophytes & loss of articular cartilage

24
Q

Arthropathy of Canine Shoulder

A
VERY common = 80% older dogs
Bilateral = both sides
Typical pathology of joint degeneration
Bad = dogs bear 70% of body weight on shoulders
Osteochrondrosis = YOUNG dogs
25
Q

Arthropathy of Bovine Stifle

A

DAIRY cattle
Esp. Holsteins & Jerseys
Lameness and muscle atrophy
Most common on medial aspect distal femur

26
Q

Intervertebral disk degeneration

A

DOGS
Usually affects MALES
3-6 yr old

27
Q

What is the anatomic structure nucleus pulposus?

A

Remnant of notochord

Gel in the middle of the disc

28
Q

What is the anatomic structure annulus fibrosus?

A

Lamellated fibrous ring

Outer ring around the disc

29
Q

What happens in a disk prolapse?

A

Complete rupture of the annulus fibrosus

30
Q

What dogs are at risk for IDD at a young age?

A

Chondrodystrophic breeds
= Dachshund & Pekingese
Degeneration of NUCLEUS pulposus
Massive COMPLETE rupture

31
Q

What dogs are at risk for IDD in old age?

A

Normally proportioned breeds
Fissures in the ANNULUS fibrosus
PARTIAL rupture and bulding of disk

32
Q

Where is IDD more common & why?

A

Thoracolumber region

Less mobile than other regions of the spine

33
Q

What direction do most displacements occur?

A

Dorsally

34
Q

What is special about beagles and IDD?

A

Cervical protrusions are more common

35
Q

Spondylosis

A

Osteophytes develop at intervertebral spaces
May form complete bridges
Bulls, pigs & dogs = abult SOWS
Usually seen first as FRACTURE of vertebral bodies

36
Q

What is ankylosis?

A

Abnormal immobility and consolidation of a joint

Occurs with spondylosis