فَأَبَوْا
Meaning: But they refused, but they declined.
Word Type: Verb (Past tense, third-person masculine plural).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:77), where Prophet Musa (Moses) and Al-Khidr come to a town and ask for food, but the people فَأَبَوا (refused or declined) to offer them hospitality. This highlights the lack of generosity and kindness from the townspeople, contrasting with Al-Khidr’s later act of repairing a wall in that same town despite their rejection.
Verse:
فَٱنطَلَقَا حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَآ أَتَيَآ أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ ٱسْتَطْعَمَآ أَهْلَهَا فَأَبَوْا أَن يُضَيِّفُوهُمَا فَوَجَدَا فِيهَا جِدَارًۭا يُرِيدُ أَن يَنقَضَّ فَأَقَامَهُۥ ۖ قَالَ لَوْ شِئْتَ لَتَّخَذْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:77)
يُضَيِّفُوهُمَا
Meaning: They host them, they offer them hospitality.
Word Type: Verb (Past tense, third-person masculine plural, with pronoun suffix).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:77), where Prophet Musa (Moses) and Al-Khidr arrive at a town and ask for food, but the people يُضَيِّفُوهُمَا (refused to host or offer them hospitality). This highlights the townspeople’s lack of generosity, making Al-Khidr’s later decision to repair a wall in the town even more remarkable.
Verse:
فَٱنطَلَقَا حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَآ أَتَيَآ أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ ٱسْتَطْعَمَآ أَهْلَهَا فَأَبَوْا أَن يُضَيِّفُوهُمَا فَوَجَدَا فِيهَا جِدَارًۭا يُرِيدُ أَن يَنقَضَّ فَأَقَامَهُۥ ۖ قَالَ لَوْ شِئْتَ لَتَّخَذْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:77)
يَنْقَضَّ
Meaning: It was about to collapse, it was falling down, it was crumbling.
Word Type: Verb (Present tense, third-person masculine singular).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:77), where Prophet Musa (Moses) and Al-Khidr come across a wall that يَنقَضُّ (was about to collapse) in a town where the people had refused to offer them hospitality. Al-Khidr repairs the wall despite the townspeople’s rejection, demonstrating divine wisdom beyond human understanding.
Verse:
فَٱنطَلَقَا حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَآ أَتَيَآ أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ ٱسْتَطْعَمَآ أَهْلَهَا فَأَبَوْا۟ أَن يُضَيِّفُوهُمَا فَوَجَدَا فِيهَا جِدَارًۭا يُرِيدُ أَن يَنقَضَّ فَأَقَامَهُۥ ۖ قَالَ لَوْ شِئْتَ لَٱتَّخَذْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:77)
أَعِيبَهَا
Meaning: I cause damage to it, I make a defect in it.
Word Type: Verb (Present tense, first-person singular, with pronoun suffix).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:79), where Al-Khidr explains to Prophet Musa (Moses) the reason he damaged the ship. He states that he did أَعِيبُهَا (cause a defect in it) to prevent a tyrant king from seizing it. This highlights the theme of hidden wisdom behind seemingly harmful actions.
Verse:
أَمَّا ٱلسَّفِينَةُ فَكَانَتْ لِمَسَٰكِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ فِى ٱلْبَحْرِ فَأَرَدتُّ أَنْ أَعِيبَهَا وَكَانَ وَرَآءَهُم مَّلِكٌۭ يَأْخُذُ كُلَّ سَفِينَةٍ غَصْبًۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:79)
غَصْبًا
Meaning: By force, through coercion, unjustly seized.
Word Type: Noun (Masculine, Singular).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:79), where Al-Khidr explains to Prophet Musa (Moses) that a tyrant king was seizing every good ship غَصْبًۭا (by force or through coercion). This justifies Al-Khidr’s earlier action of damaging the ship to protect it from being unjustly taken.
Verse:
أَمَّا ٱلسَّفِينَةُ فَكَانَتْ لِمَسَٰكِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ فِى ٱلْبَحْرِ فَأَرَدتُّ أَنْ أَعِيبَهَا وَكَانَ وَرَآءَهُم مَّلِكٌۭ يَأْخُذُ كُلَّ سَفِينَةٍ غَصْبًۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:79)
عَيْنٍ
Meaning: A spring, a water source, a fountain. (Can also mean eye)
Word Type: Noun (Feminine, Singular).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:86), where Allah describes Dhul-Qarnayn’s journey to the west, where he found the sun setting in عَيْنٍ (a spring or body of water) that appeared murky and dark. This verse describes his exploration and encounters with different people, highlighting his wisdom and justice.
Verse:
حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا بَلَغَ مَغْرِبَ ٱلشَّمْسِ وَجَدَهَا تَغْرُبُ فِى عَيْنٍ حَمِئَةٍۢ وَوَجَدَ عِندَهَا قَوْمًۭا ۚ قُلْنَا يَٰذَا ٱلْقَرْنَيْنِ إِمَّآ أَن تُعَذِّبَ وَإِمَّآ أَن تَتَّخِذَ فِيهِمْ حُسْنًۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:86)
حَمِئَة
Meaning: Muddy, murky, dark.
Word Type: Adjective (Feminine, Singular).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:86), where Dhul-Qarnayn reaches the place where the sun appears to set in a حَمِئَةٍ (muddy or murky) spring. This description conveys how the water looked from his perspective, emphasizing the vastness of his journey and exploration.
Verse:
حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا بَلَغَ مَغْرِبَ ٱلشَّمْسِ وَجَدَهَا تَغْرُبُ فِى عَيْنٍ حَمِئَةٍۢ وَوَجَدَ عِندَهَا قَوْمًۭا ۚ قُلْنَا يَٰذَا ٱلْقَرْنَيْنِ إِمَّآ أَن تُعَذِّبَ وَإِمَّآ أَن تَتَّخِذَ فِيهِمْ حُسْنًۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:86)
سِتْرًا
Meaning: A covering, a shelter, a barrier.
Word Type: Noun (Masculine, Singular).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:90), where Dhul-Qarnayn reaches the place where the sun rises and finds a people with no سِتْرًۭا (covering or shelter) from it. This emphasizes their exposure to the natural elements, highlighting the diversity of human conditions across the world.
Verse:
حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا بَلَغَ مَطْلِعَ ٱلشَّمْسِ وَجَدَهَا تَطْلُعُ عَلَىٰ قَوْمٍۢ لَّمْ نَجْعَل لَّهُم مِّن دُونِهَا سِتْرًۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:90)
السَّدَّين
Meaning: Two barriers, two dams, two mountains blocking a passage.
Word Type: Noun (Masculine, Dual form).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:93), where Dhul-Qarnayn reaches a place between ٱلسَّدَّيْنِ (two barriers or two mountains). There, he encounters a people who seek his help against Gog and Magog. The mention of these two natural barriers highlights the strategic location where Dhul-Qarnayn constructs a fortified barrier to contain them.
Verse:
حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا بَلَغَ بَيْنَ ٱلسَّدَّيْنِ وَجَدَ مِن دُونِهِمَا قَوْمًۭا لَّا يَكَادُونَ يَفْقَهُونَ قَوْلًۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:93)
خَرْجًا
Meaning: Payment, expenditure, tribute.
Word Type: Noun (Masculine, Singular).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:94), where the people living between the two mountains offer Dhul-Qarnayn خَرَجًۭا (payment or tribute) in exchange for building a barrier against Gog and Magog. However, Dhul-Qarnayn declines their offer, emphasizing that what Allah has given him is better, and he seeks only their help in physical labor instead of wealth.
Verse:
قَالُوا۟ يَٰذَا ٱلْقَرْنَيْنِ إِنَّ يَأْجُوجَ وَمَأْجُوجَ مُفْسِدُونَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ فَهَلْ نَجْعَلُ لَكَ خَرَجًۭا عَلَىٰٓ أَن تَجْعَلَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ سَدًّۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:94)
رَدْمًا
Meaning: A solid barrier, a fortified dam, a strong wall.
Word Type: Noun (Masculine, Singular).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:95), where Dhul-Qarnayn responds to the people’s request for protection against Gog and Magog. Instead of taking a payment, he decides to build a رَدْمًۭا (a fortified barrier or strong dam) to block their passage. This emphasizes his just leadership and reliance on Allah’s help rather than material compensation.
Verse:
**قَالَ مَا مَكَّنِّى فِيهِ رَبِّى خَيْرٌۭ فَأَعِينُونِى بِقُوَّةٍ أَجْعَلْ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ رَدْمًۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:95)
زُبَرَ
Meaning: Blocks, pieces, masses.
Word Type: Noun (Masculine, Plural).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:96), where Dhul-Qarnayn instructs the people to bring زُبَر (blocks or masses) of iron to construct a strong barrier against Gog and Magog. This highlights the engineering and effort involved in building the protective structure.
Verse:
ءَاتُونِى زُبَرَ ٱلْحَدِيدِ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا سَاوَىٰ بَيْنَ ٱلصَّدَفَيْنِ قَالَ ٱنفُخُوا۟ ۖ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا جَعَلَهُۥ نَارًۭا قَالَ ءَاتُونِىٓ أُفْرِغْ عَلَيْهِ قِطْرًۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:96)
سَاوَى
Meaning: He leveled, he made equal, he balanced.
Word Type: Verb (Past tense, third-person masculine singular).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:96), where Dhul-Qarnayn constructs the barrier against Gog and Magog. He سَاوَىٰ (leveled or made equal) the iron blocks between the two mountains before reinforcing them with molten copper. This highlights the precision and strength of the structure he built.
Verse:
ءَاتُونِى زُبَرَ ٱلْحَدِيدِ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا سَاوَىٰ بَيْنَ ٱلصَّدَفَيْنِ قَالَ ٱنفُخُوا۟ ۖ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا جَعَلَهُۥ نَارًۭا قَالَ ءَاتُونِىٓ أُفْرِغْ عَلَيْهِ قِطْرًۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:96)
الصَّدَفَين
Meaning: The two mountain slopes, the two sides, the two barriers.
Word Type: Noun (Masculine, Dual form).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:96), where Dhul-Qarnayn constructs a massive barrier between ٱلصَّدَفَيْنِ (the two mountain slopes or sides) to block Gog and Magog. This emphasizes the strategic location of the barrier, using natural formations to reinforce its strength.
Verse:
ءَاتُونِى زُبَرَ ٱلْحَدِيدِ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا سَاوَىٰ بَيْنَ ٱلصَّدَفَيْنِ قَالَ ٱنفُخُوا۟ ۖ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا جَعَلَهُۥ نَارًۭا قَالَ ءَاتُونِىٓ أُفْرِغْ عَلَيْهِ قِطْرًۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:96)
يَظْهَرُوه
Meaning: They climb over it, they overcome it, they ascend it.
Word Type: Verb (Present tense, third-person masculine plural, with pronoun suffix).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:97), where after Dhul-Qarnayn completes the barrier against Gog and Magog, it is stated that they could not يَظْهَرُوهُ (climb over or overcome it). This emphasizes the strength and effectiveness of the barrier in preventing their escape.
Verse:
فَمَا ٱسْطَاعُوا۟ أَن يَظْهَرُوهُ وَمَا ٱسْتَطَٰعُوا۟ لَهُۥ نَقْبًۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:97)
نَقْبًا
Meaning: A breach, a hole, a penetration.
Word Type: Noun (Masculine, Singular).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:97), where after Dhul-Qarnayn constructs the strong barrier against Gog and Magog, it is stated that they could neither climb over it nor make نَقْبًۭا (a hole or breach) in it. This emphasizes the impenetrable nature of the structure, ensuring their containment.
Verse:
فَمَا ٱسْطَاعُوا۟ أَن يَظْهَرُوهُ وَمَا ٱسْتَطَٰعُوا۟ لَهُۥ نَقْبًۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:97)
دَكَّاء
Meaning: Leveled, flattened, destroyed.
Word Type: Adjective (Feminine, Singular).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:98), where Dhul-Qarnayn states that when the promise of Allah comes to pass, the barrier will be made دَكَّآءَ (leveled or flattened). This signifies the eventual collapse of the structure, allowing Gog and Magog to be released as a sign of the Last Day.
Verse:
قَالَ هَٰذَا رَحْمَةٌۭ مِّن رَّبِّى فَإِذَا جَآءَ وَعْدُ رَبِّى جَعَلَهُ دَكَّآءَ وَكَانَ وَعْدُ رَبِّى حَقًّۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:98)
يَمُوج
Meaning: Surge, overflow, move in waves.
Word Type: Verb (Present tense, third-person masculine singular).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:99), where Allah describes how, when the barrier collapses, Gog and Magog will يَمُوج (surge or overflow) like waves upon one another, spreading chaos and destruction. This signifies the overwhelming nature of their emergence as a sign of the Last Day.
Verse:
وَتَرَكْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ يَمُوجُ فِى بَعْضٍۢ وَنُفِخَ فِى ٱلصُّورِ فَجَمَعْنَٰهُمْ جَمْعًۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:99)
حِوَلًا
Meaning: Change, movement
Word Type: Noun (Masculine, Singular).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:108), where Allah describes the rewards of the righteous in Paradise. It is stated that they will remain there forever and will not seek حِوَلًۭا (any change or movement away). This emphasizes the eternal bliss and contentment of the people of Paradise.
Verse:
**خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَا لَا يَبْغُونَ عَنْهَا حِوَلًۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:108)
مِدَادًا
Meaning: Ink, writing fluid, substance used for writing.
Word Type: Noun (Masculine, Singular).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:109), where Allah gives a powerful analogy: even if the sea were مِدَادًۭا (ink) to write the words of Allah, it would be exhausted before Allah’s words run out, even if more ink were added. This highlights the infinite wisdom and knowledge of Allah.
Verse:
قُل لَّوْ كَانَ ٱلْبَحْرُ مِدَادًۭا لِّكَلِمَٰتِ رَبِّى لَنَفِدَ ٱلْبَحْرُ قَبْلَ أَن تَنفَدَ كَلِمَٰتُ رَبِّى وَلَوْ جِئْنَا بِمِثْلِهِۦ مَدَدًۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:109)
لَنَفِدَ
Meaning: It would be exhausted, it would run out, it would be depleted.
Word Type: Verb (Past tense, third-person masculine singular, in a hypothetical construction).
Context: This word appears in Surah Al-Kahf (18:109), where Allah states that if the sea were used as ink for writing His words, لَنَفِدَ (it would be exhausted or run out) before His words would ever end. This emphasizes the infinite nature of Allah’s knowledge and wisdom.
Verse:
قُل لَّوْ كَانَ ٱلْبَحْرُ مِدَادًۭا لِّكَلِمَٰتِ رَبِّى لَنَفِدَ ٱلْبَحْرُ قَبْلَ أَن تَنفَدَ كَلِمَٰتُ رَبِّى وَلَوْ جِئْنَا بِمِثْلِهِۦ مَدَدًۭا
(Surah Al-Kahf 18:109)
وَهَنَ
Meaning: Weakness, feebleness, frailty.
Word Type: Noun (Masculine, Singular).
Context: This word appears in Surah Maryam (19:4), where Prophet Zakariya (Zechariah) describes his old age and physical decline, saying that وَهَنَ (weakness or frailty) has affected his bones. This highlights his humility and dependence on Allah while making his heartfelt supplication for a righteous heir.
Verse:
قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّى وَهَنَ ٱلْعَظْمُ مِنِّى وَٱشْتَعَلَ ٱلرَّأْسُ شَيْبًۭا وَلَمْ أَكُنۢ بِدُعَآئِكَ رَبِّ شَقِيًّۭا
(Surah Maryam 19:4)
اشْتَعَلَ
Meaning: It flared up, it ignited, it spread.
Word Type: Verb (Past tense, third-person masculine singular).
Context: This word appears in Surah Maryam (19:4), where Prophet Zakariya (Zechariah) describes the effects of aging, saying ٱشْتَعَلَ (it flared up or ignited) as he refers to his hair turning white like a blazing fire. This beautifully illustrates the rapid and noticeable effects of old age.
Verse:
قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّى وَهَنَ ٱلْعَظْمُ مِنِّى وَ ٱشْتَعَلَ ٱلرَّأْسُ شَيْبًۭا وَلَمْ أَكُنۢ بِدُعَآئِكَ رَبِّ شَقِيًّۭا
(Surah Maryam 19:4)
شَقِيَّا
Meaning: Unfortunate, miserable, deprived.
Word Type: Adjective (Masculine, Singular).
Context: This word appears in Surah Maryam (19:4), where Prophet Zakariya (Zechariah) expresses his trust in Allah, saying that he has never been شَقِيًّۭا (unfortunate or deprived) in his supplications. This highlights his unwavering faith and confidence in Allah’s mercy and responsiveness to prayers.
Verse:
قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّى وَهَنَ ٱلْعَظْمُ مِنِّى وَٱشْتَعَلَ ٱلرَّأْسُ شَيْبًۭا وَلَمْ أَكُنۢ بِدُعَآئِكَ رَبِّ شَقِيًّۭا
(Surah Maryam 19:4)