K: Coordination & Response Flashcards Preview

Biology Glossary for IGCSE > K: Coordination & Response > Flashcards

Flashcards in K: Coordination & Response Deck (40)
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1
Q

Addictive

A

A substance on which a person can become physically dependent

2
Q

ADH

A

Anti-Diuretic Hormone

3
Q

Adrenaline

A

A hormone that is secreted when a person is stressed - it increases the heart and pulse rate and blood pressure

4
Q

Central nervous system

A

The brain and the spinal chord

5
Q

CNS

A

Central Nervous System (brain and spinal chord)

6
Q

Coma

A

A state of deep unconsciousness in which a person does not respond to any external stimuli

7
Q

Dendrites

A

Branch-like extensions of neurone of nerve cell which receive impulses from other neurons

8
Q

Dependency

A

State of being mentally or physically reliant on something, especially a drug

9
Q

Diabetes

A

A serious disease in which the body is unable to regulate blood sugar

10
Q

Effector

A

Organ which produces the eventual effect in response to a stimulus (e.g. muscles or glands)

11
Q

Endocrine gland

A

One of the glands which secrete hormones into the bloodstream

12
Q

Endocrine system

A

Bodily system of glands which produce and secrete hormones into the bloodsystem

13
Q

Feedback loop

A

Bodily system in which the effect of a hormone’s action or lack of action is fed back into the system, turning production of the hormone off or on

14
Q

Hormone

A

Chemical messengers produced in glands and carried by the blood to specific organs in the body

15
Q

Hyperglycaemia

A

Greek for ‘too much sugar in the blood’

16
Q

Hypoglycaemia

A

Greek for ‘too little sugar in the blood’

17
Q

Innate behaviour

A

The automatic response produced by reflex arcs - for example knee jerk reflex, withdrawal reflex, blinking, salivating

18
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone which regulates the level of sugar in the blood. It is produced in the Islets of Langerhans, in the Pancreas.

19
Q

Learnt behaviour

A

Complex behaviour which is acquired through experience. We don’t all respond in the same way to a specific stimulus - for example some people don’t eat chocolate cake because they have learnt that it makes them ill, even though they like the taste.

20
Q

Motor

A

Motor neurones carry messages out of the CNS to effector organs.

21
Q

Neurone

A

A nerve cell. It carries an electrical message or impulse when it is stimulates.

22
Q

Pancreas

A

Large gland located in the abdomen near the stomach which produces digestive enzymes and the hormone insulin

23
Q

Receptor

A

Organ which recognises and responds to stimuli

24
Q

Reflex action

A

An involuntary reaction that happens rapidly in response to a stimuli e.g. moving your hand from a flame

25
Q

Reflex arc

A

A nerve pathway which produces an automatic response

26
Q

Refracted

A

Deflected from a straight path; bent

27
Q

Relay neurones

A

These nerve cells carry messages around the CNS

28
Q

Response

A

Reaction to a stimulus; the effect produced by an effector organ - for example you salivate when you taste something.

29
Q

Retina

A

The inside layer in the eye that is responsive to light

30
Q

Sense organ

A

Organ which receives and responds to a stimulus - for example, the eye, ear, taste buds, skin, nose

31
Q

Sensory

A

Sensory neurones carry messages from sense organs into the CNS

32
Q

Stereoscopic vision

A

Having two eyes side-by-side, each delivering a s lightly different view to the brain. It enables humans to judge distance, depth and speed.

33
Q

Stimuli

A

Things that set off a reaction in the nervous system - for example, light, heat, sound, gravity, smell, taste, or temperature. The singular is stimulus.

34
Q

Synapse

A

The gap between two neurones across which nerve signals must jump.

35
Q

Target organs

A

The organs which hormones take effect upon

36
Q

Thermoregulation

A

The process of keeping a constant body temperature

37
Q

Tropism

A

Growth or movement towards or away from a stimulus such as light, gravity or moisture.

38
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Narrowing the blood vessels

39
Q

Vasodilation

A

Widening of the blood vessels

40
Q

Voluntary action

A

An action which is not forced or a reflex