Key Associations Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
Actinic (solar) keratosis
A
precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
Acute gastric ulcer assoc with CNS injury
A
Cushing’s ulcer- inc ICP –> vagal gastric stim
3
Q
Acute gastruc ulcer associated with severe burn
A
Curling ulcer- large dec in Plasma volume leads to sloughing off of gastric mucosa
4
Q
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation with normal colon
A
Crohn’s disease- skip lesions
5
Q
Dissecting aneurysm
A
HTN
6
Q
Aortic, descending, or ascending aneurysm
A
Atherosclerosis
7
Q
Aortic Arch aneurysm
A
tertiary syphilis- vaso vasorum destruction
8
Q
Ascending Aortic aneurysm
A
Marfan syndrome- cystic medial degeneration
9
Q
Mammilary body atrophy
A
Wernicke’s encephaloathy- Thiamine deficiency - Ataxia, opthalmoplegia, confusion
10
Q
Autospenectomy
A
Sickle Cell Anemia- HbS
11
Q
Bacteria associated with gastritis, PUD, and Stomach Cancer
A
H. Pylori
12
Q
Bac meningitis in adults and elderly
A
Streptocccus Pneumoniase
13
Q
Bac meningitis in newborns
A
Group B streptococcus
14
Q
Bac meningitis in kids
A
S. Pneumoniase/ Nisseria Meningitidis
15
Q
Benign melanocytic nevus
A
Spitz nevus- most common in 1st two decades
16
Q
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier syndrome- defect in platelet adhesion to vWF
17
Q
Brain tumor in adults
A
Supratentorial: metastasis> astrocytoma (Glioblastoma multiforme)>meningioma>Schwannoma
18
Q
Brain tumor in kids
A
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma of cerebellum
Supratentorial: Craniopharyngioma of Cerebrum
19
Q
Breast Cancer
A
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
20
Q
Breast Mass
A
Fibrocytic change
post menopausal women- carcinoma
21
Q
Breast tumor- benign
A
fibroadenoma
22
Q
Primary Cardiac tumor in kids
A
rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
23
Q
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
A
Libman Sacks endocarditis- non bacterial affects both sides of the mitral valve
24
Q
Cardiac tumors of adults
A
Metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 L to R atrium- “ball and valve”
25
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiari malformation- often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia
26
Chronic arrhythmia
A. fib- associated with a high risk of emboli
27
Chronic atrophic gastritis- Autoimmune
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma
| Can Cause pernicious anemia
28
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
29
Compression fracture
Osteoperosis
Type I= postmenopausal
Type II= elderly man or woman
30
Congenital Adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21 hydroxylase deficiency
31
Congenital Cardiac Anomaly
VSD
32
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin Johnson syndrome- hepatocytes cannot secrete conjugated billirubin into the bile
33
Constrictive pericarditis
Tb- developing world
| SLE- developed world
34
Order of Coronary arteries involved in thrombosis
LAD> RCA> LCA
35
Cretinism
Iodine deficiency/ Hypothyroidism
36
Cushings syndrome- causes
Iatrogenic- corticosteroid therapy
Ectopic Cortisol production
ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma
Paraneoplastic Cushings
37
Causes of early cyanosis (more common)
T of F, transposition of the great vessels, truncus arteriosus
38
Causes of late cyanosis (less common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
39
Cause of death in CML
Blast crisis
40
Cause of death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
41
Causes Dementia
Alz dz or multiple infarct demetia
42
A demyelinating disease in young women
MS
43
Causes of DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burnes, trauma, major surgery
44
Major nutrient deficient in diets
Fe
45
Diverticulum of the pharynx and how is it dx
Zenker's diverticulum- dx with barium swallow
46
What murmur is an Ejection click a sign of
Aortic or pulmonic stenosis
47
MC types of Esophogeal cancer- in the US and world wide
World wide: Squamous cell carcinoma
| US: Adenocarcinoma
48
Exotoxin mediated food poisoning
S. Aureus
| B. Cereus
49
Causes of glomerulonephritis in adults
Berger's disease- IgA nephropathy
50
MC Gynecologic malignancies in the US and world wide
US- Endometrial Carcinoma
| Worldwide- Cervical Carcinoma
51
MC Congenital heart murmur
MVP
52
MC valves affected by bacterial endocarditis in rheumatic fever
Rheumatic feverMitral> aortic
53
MC valve affected by bacterial endocarditis in IV drug use
Tricuspid valve
54
MC Helminth infections in the US
Enterobius Vermicularis
| Ascaris Lumricoides
55
Epidural Hematoma- cause, structure shape
Trauma to middle meningeal artery, lens shaped
56
Subdural hematoma- cause, structure, shape
rupture of bridging veins, crescent shaped, elderly and alchololics
57
Causes of Hemachromatosis
Multiple blood transfussion
| HFE mutations- CHF, bronze diabetes, inc risk of hepatocellular Carcinoma
58
Causes of hepatocellular Carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver- associated with HBV, HCV, and alcoholism
59
MC hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand's disease
60
Cause of hereditary harmless Jaundice
Gilberts syndrome- benign congenital unconjugated hyperbillirubinemia
61
Diseases associated with HLA- B27
Seronegative arthropathies:
| Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, Ulcerative Colitis, Psoriasis
62
Diseases associated with HLA- DR3, DR4
DMT1, RA, SLE
63
Malformations associated with a holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid or mitral regurgitation
64
Which triad is associated with- Hypercoagulatility, endothelial damage,blood stasis
Virchow's triad- results in venous thrombosis
65
Secondary hypertension is a sign of what condition
Renal Disease
66
Major cause of hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
67
Major cause of hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma, usually benign
68
Infections secondary to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
69
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Catalase positive bacteria: S. Aureus, E. Coli, Aspergillus
70
Types of kidney stones and visibility on x ray
Ca= radiopaque
Struvite (amonium)= radiopaque formed from urease positive organisms ie proteus vulgaris or staphyloccocus
uric acid= radiolucent
71
Late cyanotic shunts (uncorrected L to R shunt becomes R to L)- Syndrome and abnormalities
Eisenmenger's syndrome- ASD, VSD, PDA causes pulm HTN/ polycythemia
72
Common cause of liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
73
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher's disease
74
Most common male cancer
prostatic cancer
75
malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
hodgkins lymphoma
76
MC malignancy in kids
ALL OR
| medulloblastoma- cerebellum
77
MC cause of MR
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
78
Order of cancers that metastasize to bone
Prostate, breast> Lung> thyroid, testes
79
Order of cancers that metastasize to brain
Lung> breast> GU> osteosarcoma> melanoma> GI
80
Order of cancers that metastasize to Liver
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
81
Pattern of mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females but is only passed through females
82
Cause of Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
83
Disease that is mixed UMN and LMN lesion
ALS
84
microbe associated with myocarditis
Coxackie B virus
85
Cause of Nephrotic syndrome in adults
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
86
Cause of Nephrotic syndrome in kids
Minimal change disease
87
Disease of Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome- hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and anosmia
88
Microbes of Nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E. Coli, P. Aeruginosa
89
Cause of obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
90
Malformation with opening snap on auscultation
Mitral stenosis
91
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
PCP
92
Microbe of Osteomyelitis
S. Aureus
93
Cause of osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell disease
Salmonella
94
Cause of osteomyelitis in IV drug user
Pseudomonas, S. Aureus
95
What is ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer called
Krukenberg tumor- mucin secreting signet ring cells
96
A Bilateral Benign ovarian tumor
Serous cystadenoma
97
A malignant ovarian tumor
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
98
Causes of Acute pancreatitis
Gallstones, Alcohol
99
Causes of chronic pancreatitis in adults
Alcohol
100
Causes of chronic pancreatitis in kids
Cystic Fibrosis
101
Age pt with ALL
Children
102
Age of pt with CLL
adult>60
103
Age of pt with AML
Adult around 65
104
Age of pt with CML
Adult- 30-60
105
Causes of PID
Chlamydia trachomatis, Nisseria Gonorrhoeae
106
What cancers are associated with the philadephia chromosome- t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
CML, sometimes associated with AML or ALL
107
Most common types of pituitary tumors
Prolactinoma, Somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
108
Cause of primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome 45 (X,O)
109
Common primary bone tumor of adults
Multiple myeloma
110
Cause of Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
111
Cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenoma, hyperplasia, carcinoma
112
Common primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma- chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemachromatosis, alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
113
Cause of pulmonary HTN
COPD
114
Disease associated with recurrent inflammation/ thrombosis of small and medium vessels in extremities
Buerger's disease
115
Common renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma- assoc with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking, paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
116
Name of RHF caused by with pulmonary cause
Cor Pulmonale
117
Pathology associated with S3- Prodiastolic gallop
CHF- increased ventricular filling- L --> R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure
118
Pathology associated with S4- presystolic gallop
Stiff hypertrophic ventricle- aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy
119
Cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
120
MC sexually transmitted disease
Chlamydia- usually coinfected with gonorrhea
121
Common cause of SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
122
Common site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
123
Order of sties of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta> coronary artery> popliteal artery> carotid artery
124
Common type of stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
125
Disease associated with stomach ulcerations and high gastrin
Zollinger Ellison syndrome- gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas
126
Cancer associated with t(8;14)
Burkitt's lymphoma- c-myc activation
127
Cancer associated with t(14:18)
Follicular lymphoma- bcl-2 activation
128
Risks associated with Temporal arteritis
Ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of opthalmic artery.
| Polymalgia rheumatica
129
Common testicular tumor
Seminoma
130
Common thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
131
Common tumor in women
Leiomyoma- Estrogen dependent, not precancerous
132
Common tumor of infancy
Hemangioma- usually regresses spontaneously by childhood
133
Common tumor or adrenal medulla in adults
Pheochromocytoma- usually benign
134
Common tumor of adrenal medulla in kids
Neuroblastoma- malignant
135
Types of hodgkins lymphoma
Nodular sclerosis vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion
136
Common type of NHL
Diffuse large cell
137
Causes of UTI
E. Coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus in young women
138
Cause of viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
139
Vitamin deficiency US
Folate- esp pregnant woman, body only has 3-4 months supply, prevents NTD
