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Physics GR.10 > Kinetic molecular theory > Flashcards

Kinetic molecular theory Flashcards

1
Q

define intramolecular bond

A

a bond which occurs between atoms within molecules

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2
Q

define intermolecular forces

A

a weak force of attraction between molecules ions or atoms of noble gases

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3
Q

define melting point

A

the temperature at which a sold becomes liquid

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4
Q

define boiling point

A

the temperature of a liquid at which its vapor pressure equals the external (atmospheric) pressure

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5
Q

what is the kinetic molecular theory

A

all matter is made up of particles (molecules or atoms) that are in constant motion

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6
Q

define temperature

A

the measure of the average kinetic energy

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7
Q

what is kinetic energy

A

energy of motion

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8
Q

what is Brownian motion

A

the random (constant) movement of particles in a gas or liquid

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9
Q

define diffusion

A

the random movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration with no mechanical aid until equilibrium is reached

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10
Q

define matter

A

anything that has mass and occupies space

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11
Q

define sublimation

A

the transformation from solid to gas phase or vice verse bypassing the liquid phase

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12
Q

define evaporation

A

when the particles of the liquid escape from the surface to form vapor (gas)

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13
Q

define condensation

A

vapor particles attract each other to form a liquid

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14
Q

define freezing

A

particles of the liquid rearrange themselves under forces of attraction to form a solid

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15
Q

when does temperature increase during phase change

A

when energy is taken in (absorbed)

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16
Q

why is phase change not a chemical change

A

because the chemical composition is not altered and no new substance is formed

17
Q

what can melting point be used to do

A

to determine the purity of a substance

18
Q

what is latent heat

A

heat used to overcome the intramolecular forces

19
Q

what is the MP and BP of water

A

MP-0

BP- 100 at sea level

20
Q

Name 3 substances that sublimate

A

pure carbon dioxide
moth balls
iodine

21
Q

define pressure and state what it is measured in

A

force per unit area

measured in pascals

22
Q

what does the state of a substance depend on

A

kinetic energy of particles

the strength of the intermolecular forces between particles

23
Q

a gas to a solid is known as

A

deposition

24
Q

the higher the temperature of a substance_______

A

the faster the particles are moving

25
Q

give 3 characteristics of a solid

A 
particles are bonded in fixed positions
strong forces between particles
small space between particles
particles vibrate about their rest position
not easily compressible
26
Q

give 3 characteristics of a liquid

A

particles can move over one another
forces between particles weaker than in solids
spaces between particles are slightly larger than in solids
particles move about more vigorously
not easily compressible

27
Q

give 3 characteristics of a gas

A 
particles are far apart
virtually no forces between particles
large spaces between gas particles
particles move around at high speed
compressible
28
Q

if temperature is below melting point what phase is the pure substance in

A

solid phase

29
Q

if temperature is above melting point what phase is the pure substance in

A

liquid phase

30
Q

if temperature is above boiling point what state is the pure substance in

A

gas phase

31
Q

when does phase change occur with a substance and its particles

A

when its particles gain or lose kinetic energy (temperature)

32
Q

according to the kinetic molecular theory why does the temperature remain constant during phase change

A

temp remains constant as energy is absorbed by particles and used to overcome the forces between particles, particles are gaining kinetic energy

Physics GR.10 (4 decks)

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