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Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Can you see cartilage or menisci on an xray?

A

No.

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2
Q

What type of deformity does RA usually present as at the knee?

A

A valgus deformity.

-less common at knee than OA

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3
Q

What is genu recurvatum?

A

Hyperextension of the knee.

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4
Q

What side of the knee generally sees more OA and what deformity does this cause?

A

Medial knee

-causes genu varum

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5
Q

Why can’t you feel OA articular cartilage dysfunction until late?

A

No pain sensory in articular cartilage - only feel stiffness and then bone damage.

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6
Q

What types of medication are used to manage OA?

A

Chondroitin sulfate
Glucosamine sulfate
-both thought to help generate cartilage

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7
Q

When do most unicondylar replacements occur?

A

With cancer.

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8
Q

What is an unconstrained and constrained knee arthroplasty

A

UNCONSTRAINED
-spares PCL

CONSTRAINED

  • PCL replaced with mechanical link
  • used when poor ligamentous support
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9
Q

What are some post-op concerns for TKR?

A

DVT
Infection
Wound healing

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10
Q

What population receive most high tibial osteotomies? WB status?

A

Younger population

NWB for 6 weeks

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11
Q

When can you use an osteochondral autograft?

A

Small 1-1.5 cm lesions.

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12
Q

What is the cause of most tibial plateau fx?

A

80% 2* to valgus force (happens on lateral aspect) with knee compression.
6-12 weeks NWB
-may involve MCL

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13
Q

What is the main cause of a tibial epiphyseal fx in adolescents?

A

Direct blow into hyperextension or non-contact torsional stress.
-similar to tib plateau fx in adults

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14
Q

Knee dislocation usually involved the tibia moving posterior. What is the main concern?

A

Rupture of the popliteal artery.

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15
Q

Where is osteochondritis dessicans usually found and what is the population and side effects?

A

Medial knee

  • 15 to 20 yo
  • loose bodies can lead to locking
  • ORIF
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16
Q

What does a patella with chondromalacia look like?

A

Softening and erosion of the patellar articular cartilage.

-crepitus w/ motion

17
Q

What are the symptoms of lateral tracking dysfunction?

A

Anterior knee pain worse with sitting, stairs cycling
-crepitus
>W

Increases bone-on-bone wear on lateral aspect

18
Q

What direction does patellar subluxation mostly occur?

A

Laterally

  • occurs with foot planted and femur ER
  • knee gives way

-surgery can involve relocation of tibial tuberosity to align Q angle

19
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Osgood-Schlatter?

A

Inflammation near growth plate at patellar ligament

  • from excessive pull in young
  • traction apopyhsitis like little leaguers elbow

Restrict vigorous activity

20
Q

Meniscal injuries happen at a much higher rate on the ___ aspect (9:1). What other injury are they associate with?

A

Medial

MCL, ACL

  • locking and clicking
  • McMurray test
21
Q

When do you repair a meniscal tear?

A

If it’s in the red zone where there is vascularity for it to heal.

22
Q

What is the synovial plica composed of?

A

Folds of remnants of embryonic synovial tissue

-pain with prolonged knee fxn

23
Q

A 3rd degree ligament strain is a full rupture to MCL and ACL. What’s the difference between 1st and 2nd degree?

A

1st = no joint laxity, 2nd has.

24
Q

Which ligaments are mostly injured in the knee in MCL vs LCL. What is the intervention like?

A

Medial > lateral

1st = Rice, support 1-2 wks
2nd = RICE, immob 2-3 wks, assistive device
3rd = surgery
25
Q

What motions cause ACL and PCL joint injuries?

A

ACL
-valgus/ER with foot planted or excessive IR

PCL
-anteromedial blow to flexed knee or fall onto knee

26
Q

What is the typical healing cycle (and strength) for a ligament repair?

A

Strong for first 3 weeks, then weak as it becomes avascular under reconstruction. Revascularizes around 8-10 weeks and is strongest.

27
Q

What exercise is best for rehab of a ligamentous injury?

A

EARLY
-closed chain exercise

Limit open chain

ROM early

28
Q

For patellar bursa, what is housemaid’s knee and clergyman’s knee?

A

Housemaid’s
-pre-patellar

Clergyman’s
-infra-patellar

Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology (9 decks)

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